Jeremiah31
New Living Translation
1“In that day,” says the Lord, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.
2This is what the Lord says: “Those who survive the coming destruction will find blessings even in the barren land, for I will give rest to the people of Israel.”
3Long ago the Lord said to Israel: “I have loved you, my people, with an everlasting love. With unfailing love I have drawn you to myself.
4I will rebuild you, my virgin Israel. You will again be happy and dance merrily with your tambourines.
5Again you will plant your vineyards on the mountains of Samaria and eat from your own gardens there.
6The day will come when watchmen will shout from the hill country of Ephraim, ‘Come, let us go up to Jerusalem to worship the Lord our God.’”
7Now this is what the Lord says: “Sing with joy for Israel. Shout for the greatest of nations! Shout out with praise and joy: ‘Save your people, O Lord, the remnant of Israel!’
8For I will bring them from the north and from the distant corners of the earth. I will not forget the blind and lame, the expectant mothers and women in labor. A great company will return!
9Tears of joy will stream down their faces, and I will lead them home with great care. They will walk beside quiet streams and on smooth paths where they will not stumble. For I am Israel’s father, and Ephraim is my oldest child.
10“Listen to this message from the Lord, you nations of the world; proclaim it in distant coastlands: The Lord, who scattered his people, will gather them and watch over them as a shepherd does his flock.
11For the Lord has redeemed Israel from those too strong for them.
12They will come home and sing songs of joy on the heights of Jerusalem. They will be radiant because of the Lord’s good gifts— the abundant crops of grain, new wine, and olive oil, and the healthy flocks and herds. Their life will be like a watered garden, and all their sorrows will be gone.
13The young women will dance for joy, and the men—old and young—will join in the celebration. I will turn their mourning into joy. I will comfort them and exchange their sorrow for rejoicing.
14The priests will enjoy abundance, and my people will feast on my good gifts. I, the Lord, have spoken!”
15This is what the Lord says: “A cry is heard in Ramah— deep anguish and bitter weeping. Rachel weeps for her children, refusing to be comforted— for her children are gone.”
16But now this is what the Lord says: “Do not weep any longer, for I will reward you,” says the Lord. “Your children will come back to you from the distant land of the enemy.
17There is hope for your future,” says the Lord. “Your children will come again to their own land.
18I have heard Israel saying, ‘You disciplined me severely, like a calf that needs training for the yoke. Turn me again to you and restore me, for you alone are the Lord my God.
19I turned away from God, but then I was sorry. I kicked myself for my stupidity! I was thoroughly ashamed of all I did in my younger days.’
20“Is not Israel still my son, my darling child?” says the Lord. “I often have to punish him, but I still love him. That’s why I long for him and surely will have mercy on him.
21Set up road signs; put up guideposts. Mark well the path by which you came. Come back again, my virgin Israel; return to your towns here.
22How long will you wander, my wayward daughter? For the Lord will cause something new to happen— Israel will embrace her God.”
23This is what the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, the God of Israel, says: “When I bring them back from captivity, the people of Judah and its towns will again say, ‘The Lord bless you, O righteous home, O holy mountain!’
24Townspeople and farmers and shepherds alike will live together in peace and happiness.
25For I have given rest to the weary and joy to the sorrowing.”
26At this, I woke up and looked around. My sleep had been very sweet.
27“The day is coming,” says the Lord, “when I will greatly increase the human population and the number of animals here in Israel and Judah.
28In the past I deliberately uprooted and tore down this nation. I overthrew it, destroyed it, and brought disaster upon it. But in the future I will just as deliberately plant it and build it up. I, the Lord, have spoken!
29“The people will no longer quote this proverb: ‘The parents have eaten sour grapes, but their children’s mouths pucker at the taste.’
30All people will die for their own sins—those who eat the sour grapes will be the ones whose mouths will pucker.
31“The day is coming,” says the Lord, “when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and Judah.
32This covenant will not be like the one I made with their ancestors when I took them by the hand and brought them out of the land of Egypt. They broke that covenant, though I loved them as a husband loves his wife,” says the Lord.
33“But this is the new covenant I will make with the people of Israel after those days,” says the Lord. “I will put my instructions deep within them, and I will write them on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people.
34And they will not need to teach their neighbors, nor will they need to teach their relatives, saying, ‘You should know the Lord.’ For everyone, from the least to the greatest, will know me already,” says the Lord. “And I will forgive their wickedness, and I will never again remember their sins.”
35It is the Lord who provides the sun to light the day and the moon and stars to light the night, and who stirs the sea into roaring waves. His name is the Lord of Heaven’s Armies, and this is what he says:
36“I am as likely to reject my people Israel as I am to abolish the laws of nature!”
37This is what the Lord says: “Just as the heavens cannot be measured and the foundations of the earth cannot be explored, so I will not consider casting them away for the evil they have done. I, the Lord, have spoken!
38“The day is coming,” says the Lord, “when all Jerusalem will be rebuilt for me, from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate.
39A measuring line will be stretched out over the hill of Gareb and across to Goah.
40And the entire area—including the graveyard and ash dump in the valley, and all the fields out to the Kidron Valley on the east as far as the Horse Gate—will be holy to the Lord. The city will never again be captured or destroyed.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 31.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The restoration of Israel. (1-9). Promises of guidance and happiness; Rachel lamenting. (10-17). Ephraim laments his errors. (18-20). The promised Saviour. (21-26). God's care over the church. (27-34). Peace and prosperity in gospel time. (35-40).
vv1-9
God assures his people that he will again take them into covenant relation to himself. When brought very low, and difficulties appear, it is good to remember that it has been so with the church formerly. But it is hard under present frowns to take comfort from former smiles; yet it is the happiness of those who, through grace, are interested in the love of God, that it is an everlasting love, from everlasting in the counsels, to everlasting in the continuance. Those whom God loves with this love, he will draw to himself, by the influences of his Spirit upon their souls. When praising God for what he has done, we must call upon him for the favours his church needs and expects. When the Lord calls, we must not plead that we cannot come; for he that calls us, will help us, will strengthen us. The goodness of God shall lead them to repentance. And they shall weep for sin with more bitterness, and more tenderness, when delivered out of their captivity, than when groaning under it. If we take God for our Father, and join the church of the first-born, we shall want nothing that is good for us. These predictions doubtless refer also to a future gathering of the Israelites from all quarters of the globe. And they figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ, and the plain and safe way in which they are led.
vv10-17
He that scattered Israel, knows where to find them. It is comfortable to observe the goodness of the Lord in the gifts of providence. But our souls are never valuable as gardens, unless watered with the dews of God's Spirit and grace. A precious promise follows, which will not have full accomplishment except in the heavenly Zion. Let them be satisfied of God's loving-kindness, and they will be satisfied with it, and desire no more to make them happy. Rachel is represented as rising from her grave, and refusing to be comforted, supposing her offspring rooted out. The murder of the children at Bethlehem, by Herod, Matt. 2:16-18, in some degree fulfilled this prediction, but could not be its full meaning. If we have hope in the end, concerning an eternal inheritance, for ourselves and those belonging to us, all temporal afflictions may be borne, and will be for our good.
vv18-20
Ephraim (the ten tribes) is weeping for sin. He is angry at himself for his sin, and folly, and frowardness. He finds he cannot, by his own power, keep himself close with God, much less bring himself back when he is revolted. Therefore he prays, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned. His will was bowed to the will of God. When the teaching of God's Spirit went with the corrections of his providence, then the work was done. This is our comfort in affliction, that the Lord thinks upon us. God has mercy in store, rich mercy, sure mercy, suitable mercy, for all who seek him in sincerity.
Key Words
עֵת: time, especially (adverb with preposition) now, when, etc.
נְאֻם: an oracle
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
מִשְׁפָּחָה: a family, i.e. circle of relatives; figuratively, a class (of persons), a species (of animals) or sort (of things); by extension a tribe or people
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
כֹּה: properly, like this, i.e. by implication, (of manner) thus (or so); also (of place) here (or hither); or (of time) now
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
שָׂרִיד: a survivor
Cross References
Jeremiah 31Herod's slaughter of the Bethlehem infants explicitly fulfills Rachel weeping for her children in Ramah.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicitly quotes Jeremiah 31:31 to introduce the New Covenant fulfilled in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Quotes the promise of the law written on the heart under the New Covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast: The curse of planting vines and not eating them is reversed here as common food.
Supported by JFB
Direct parallel regarding the proverb of children's teeth set on edge by fathers eating sour grapes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 32 contrasting the New Covenant with the broken Sinai covenant.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes verse 34, declaring that all shall know the Lord without needing external teaching.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Quotes the vital New Covenant guarantee that God will remember their sins no more.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Repeats the foundational covenant formula: 'ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.'
Supported by John Calvin
The Lord drawing Israel with bands of love and cords of a man.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Miriam and the virgins going forth with tabrets/timbrels and dances celebrating redemption.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The law of planting trees; in the fifth year fruit is eaten as a common thing.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Thematic link to the 'new thing' of a virgin conceiving, related to the incarnation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reverses the commission given to Jeremiah to pluck up, throw down, build, and plant.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Applies the salvation and covenant of Israel to the ultimate eschatological gathering.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the unbreakable covenant with day and night to establish Israel's permanent preservation.
Supported by Matthew Henry
God promising His presence will go before Israel to cause him to rest in wilderness.
Supported by JFB
The ark going before them in the wilderness to search out a resting place.
Supported by JFB
Chaldea/exile is metaphorically described as a desert or wilderness where God prepares a way.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Virgins coming out with tabrets and joy to celebrate victories of Israel's king.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The sounding/troubling of God's bowels and mercies toward His rebellious but beloved children.
Supported by JFB
God's heart turning within Him, refusing to execute fierce anger against Ephraim.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects God drawing His backsliding people with cords of love and mercy.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explains the law of eating fruit of newly planted vines as common things.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels putting the Spirit within believers to enable walking in God's statutes.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Demonstrates that God has not permanently cast off His people Israel.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the ultimate consecration where even common places become holy to the Lord.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate fulfillment of the covenant formula under the New Covenant in Christ.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Remembering the days of old and God's former wonders to sustain hope in current distress.
Supported by John Calvin
God declares His sovereign, electing love to Jacob: 'I have loved you, saith the Lord.'
Supported by JFB
Jephthah's daughter coming out to meet him with timbrels and with dances.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Christ's invitation to the weary and heavy laden to find rest echoes verse 25.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Mosaic law establishing that fathers shall not be put to death for children.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reinforces personal accountability; the soul who sins is the one who will die.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Echoes the symbolic action of the measuring line being stretched out over Jerusalem.
Supported by JFB
Mentions the actual rebuilding of the Tower of Hananeel during the restoration.
Supported by Matthew Poole