Jeremiah 31NASB
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Jeremiah31

New American Standard

1“At that time,” declares the Lord, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they shall be My people.”

2This is what the Lord says: “The people who survived the sword Found grace in the wilderness— Israel, when it went to find its rest.”

3The Lord appeared to him long ago, saying, “I have loved you with an everlasting love; Therefore I have drawn you out with kindness.

4I will build you again and you will be rebuilt, Virgin of Israel! You will take up your tambourines again, And go out to the dances of the revelers.

5Again you will plant vineyards On the hills of Samaria; The planters will plant And will enjoy the fruit.

6For there will be a day when watchmen On the hills of Ephraim call out, ‘Arise, and let’s go up to Zion, To the Lord our God.’”

7For this is what the Lord says: “Sing aloud with joy for Jacob, And be joyful with the chief of the nations; Proclaim, give praise, and say, ‘Lord, save Your people, The remnant of Israel!’

8Behold, I am bringing them from the north country, And I will gather them from the remote parts of the earth, Among them those who are blind and those who limp, The pregnant woman and she who is in labor, together; They will return here as a great assembly.

9They will come with weeping, And by pleading I will bring them; I will lead them by streams of waters, On a straight path on which they will not stumble; For I am a father to Israel, And Ephraim is My firstborn.”

10Hear the word of the Lord, you nations, And declare it in the coastlands far away, And say, “He who scattered Israel will gather him, And He will keep him as a shepherd keeps his flock.”

11For the Lord has ransomed Jacob And redeemed him from the hand of him who was stronger than he.

12“They will come and shout for joy on the height of Zion, And they will be radiant over the bounty of the Lord— Over the grain, the new wine, the oil, And over the young of the flock and the herd. And their life will be like a watered garden, And they will never languish again.

13Then the virgin will rejoice in the dance, And the young men and the old together; For I will turn their mourning into joy And comfort them, and give them joy for their sorrow.

14I will refresh the soul of the priests with abundance, And My people will be satisfied with My goodness,” declares the Lord.

15This is what the Lord says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, Lamenting and bitter weeping. Rachel is weeping for her children; She refuses to be comforted for her children, Because they are no more.”

16This is what the Lord says: “Restrain your voice from weeping And your eyes from tears; For your work will be rewarded,” declares the Lord, “And they will return from the land of the enemy.

17There is hope for your future,” declares the Lord, “And your children will return to their own territory.

18I have certainly heard Ephraim grieving, ‘You have disciplined me, and I was corrected, Like an untrained calf; Bring me back that I may be restored, For You are the Lord my God.

19For after I turned back, I repented; And after I was instructed, I slapped my thigh; I was ashamed and also humiliated Because I bore the shame of my youth.’

20Is Ephraim My dear son? Is he a delightful child? Indeed, as often as I have spoken against him, I certainly still remember him; Therefore My heart yearns for him; I will certainly have mercy on him,” declares the Lord.

21“Set up roadmarks for yourself, Place guideposts for yourself; Direct your mind to the highway, The way by which you went. Return, O virgin of Israel, Return to these your cities.

22How long will you waver, You rebellious daughter? For the Lord has created a new thing on the earth: A woman will shelter a man.”

23This is what the Lord of armies, the God of Israel says: “Once again they will speak this word in the land of Judah and in its cities when I restore their fortunes, ‘The Lord bless you, O place of righteousness, O holy hill!’

24Judah and all its cities will live together in it, the farmers and those who travel with flocks.

25For I give plenty of water to the weary ones, and refresh everyone who languishes.”

26At this I awoke and looked, and my sleep had been pleasant to me.

27“Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will sow the house of Israel and the house of Judah with the seed of mankind and the seed of animals.

28And just as I have watched over them to uproot them, tear them down, ruin, destroy, and bring disaster on them, so I will watch over them to build and to plant them,” declares the Lord.

29“In those days they will no longer say, ‘The fathers have eaten sour grapes, But it is the children’s teeth that have become blunt.’

30But everyone will die for his own wrongdoing; each person who eats the sour grapes, his own teeth will become blunt.

31“Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will make a new covenant with the house of Israel and the house of Judah,

32not like the covenant which I made with their fathers on the day I took them by the hand to bring them out of the land of Egypt, My covenant which they broke, although I was a husband to them,” declares the Lord.

33“For this is the covenant which I will make with the house of Israel after those days,” declares the Lord: “I will put My law within them and write it on their heart; and I will be their God, and they shall be My people.

34They will not teach again, each one his neighbor and each one his brother, saying, ‘Know the Lord,’ for they will all know Me, from the least of them to the greatest of them,” declares the Lord, “for I will forgive their wrongdoing, and their sin I will no longer remember.”

35This is what the Lord says, He who gives the sun for light by day And the fixed order of the moon and the stars for light by night, Who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar— The Lord of armies is His name:

36“If this fixed order departs From Me,” declares the Lord, “Then the descendants of Israel also will cease To be a nation before Me forever.”

37This is what the Lord says: “If the heavens above can be measured And the foundations of the earth searched out below, Then I will also reject all the descendants of Israel For everything that they have done,” declares the Lord.

38“Behold, days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when the city will be rebuilt for the Lord from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate.

39The measuring line will go out farther straight ahead, to the hill Gareb; then it will turn to Goah.

40And the entire valley of the dead bodies and of the ashes, and all the fields as far as the brook Kidron to the corner of the Horse Gate toward the east, shall be holy to the Lord; it will not be uprooted or overthrown ever again.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 31.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The restoration of Israel. (1-9). Promises of guidance and happiness; Rachel lamenting. (10-17). Ephraim laments his errors. (18-20). The promised Saviour. (21-26). God's care over the church. (27-34). Peace and prosperity in gospel time. (35-40).

vv1-9

God assures his people that he will again take them into covenant relation to himself. When brought very low, and difficulties appear, it is good to remember that it has been so with the church formerly. But it is hard under present frowns to take comfort from former smiles; yet it is the happiness of those who, through grace, are interested in the love of God, that it is an everlasting love, from everlasting in the counsels, to everlasting in the continuance. Those whom God loves with this love, he will draw to himself, by the influences of his Spirit upon their souls. When praising God for what he has done, we must call upon him for the favours his church needs and expects. When the Lord calls, we must not plead that we cannot come; for he that calls us, will help us, will strengthen us. The goodness of God shall lead them to repentance. And they shall weep for sin with more bitterness, and more tenderness, when delivered out of their captivity, than when groaning under it. If we take God for our Father, and join the church of the first-born, we shall want nothing that is good for us. These predictions doubtless refer also to a future gathering of the Israelites from all quarters of the globe. And they figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ, and the plain and safe way in which they are led.

vv10-17

He that scattered Israel, knows where to find them. It is comfortable to observe the goodness of the Lord in the gifts of providence. But our souls are never valuable as gardens, unless watered with the dews of God's Spirit and grace. A precious promise follows, which will not have full accomplishment except in the heavenly Zion. Let them be satisfied of God's loving-kindness, and they will be satisfied with it, and desire no more to make them happy. Rachel is represented as rising from her grave, and refusing to be comforted, supposing her offspring rooted out. The murder of the children at Bethlehem, by Herod, Matt. 2:16-18, in some degree fulfilled this prediction, but could not be its full meaning. If we have hope in the end, concerning an eternal inheritance, for ourselves and those belonging to us, all temporal afflictions may be borne, and will be for our good.

vv18-20

Ephraim (the ten tribes) is weeping for sin. He is angry at himself for his sin, and folly, and frowardness. He finds he cannot, by his own power, keep himself close with God, much less bring himself back when he is revolted. Therefore he prays, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned. His will was bowed to the will of God. When the teaching of God's Spirit went with the corrections of his providence, then the work was done. This is our comfort in affliction, that the Lord thinks upon us. God has mercy in store, rich mercy, sure mercy, suitable mercy, for all who seek him in sincerity.

Cross References

Jeremiah 31
v15Matthew 2:16fulfillment

Herod's slaughter of the Bethlehem infants explicitly fulfills Rachel weeping for her children in Ramah.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v31Hebrews 8:8quotation

Explicitly quotes Jeremiah 31:31 to introduce the New Covenant fulfilled in Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v33Hebrews 10:16quotation

Quotes the promise of the law written on the heart under the New Covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Contrast: The curse of planting vines and not eating them is reversed here as common food.

Supported by JFB

v29Ezekiel 18:2thematic

Direct parallel regarding the proverb of children's teeth set on edge by fathers eating sour grapes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Hebrews 8:9quotation

Quotes verse 32 contrasting the New Covenant with the broken Sinai covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Hebrews 8:11quotation

Quotes verse 34, declaring that all shall know the Lord without needing external teaching.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Hebrews 8:12quotation

Quotes the vital New Covenant guarantee that God will remember their sins no more.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Jeremiah 30:22thematic

Repeats the foundational covenant formula: 'ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.'

Supported by John Calvin

v3Hosea 11:4allusion

The Lord drawing Israel with bands of love and cords of a man.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Exodus 15:20thematic

Miriam and the virgins going forth with tabrets/timbrels and dances celebrating redemption.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Leviticus 19:23thematic

The law of planting trees; in the fifth year fruit is eaten as a common thing.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Isaiah 7:14allusion

Thematic link to the 'new thing' of a virgin conceiving, related to the incarnation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Jeremiah 1:10thematic

Reverses the commission given to Jeremiah to pluck up, throw down, build, and plant.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Romans 11:26thematic

Applies the salvation and covenant of Israel to the ultimate eschatological gathering.

Supported by JFB

v35Jeremiah 33:20thematic

Parallels the unbreakable covenant with day and night to establish Israel's permanent preservation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Exodus 33:14thematic

God promising His presence will go before Israel to cause him to rest in wilderness.

Supported by JFB

v2Numbers 10:33thematic

The ark going before them in the wilderness to search out a resting place.

Supported by JFB

v2Isaiah 40:3thematic

Chaldea/exile is metaphorically described as a desert or wilderness where God prepares a way.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v41 Samuel 18:6thematic

Virgins coming out with tabrets and joy to celebrate victories of Israel's king.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Isaiah 63:15thematic

The sounding/troubling of God's bowels and mercies toward His rebellious but beloved children.

Supported by JFB

v20Hosea 11:8thematic

God's heart turning within Him, refusing to execute fierce anger against Ephraim.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Hosea 11:4thematic

Reflects God drawing His backsliding people with cords of love and mercy.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Explains the law of eating fruit of newly planted vines as common things.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v33Ezekiel 36:25-27thematic

Parallels putting the Spirit within believers to enable walking in God's statutes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v37Romans 11:1thematic

Demonstrates that God has not permanently cast off His people Israel.

Supported by JFB

v40Zechariah 14:20thematic

Parallels the ultimate consecration where even common places become holy to the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Hebrews 8:10fulfillment

The ultimate fulfillment of the covenant formula under the New Covenant in Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Psalms 143:5thematic

Remembering the days of old and God's former wonders to sustain hope in current distress.

Supported by John Calvin

v3Malachi 1:2thematic

God declares His sovereign, electing love to Jacob: 'I have loved you, saith the Lord.'

Supported by JFB

v4Jude 11:34thematic

Jephthah's daughter coming out to meet him with timbrels and with dances.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v25Matthew 11:28thematic

Christ's invitation to the weary and heavy laden to find rest echoes verse 25.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The Mosaic law establishing that fathers shall not be put to death for children.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v30Ezekiel 18:20thematic

Reinforces personal accountability; the soul who sins is the one who will die.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v39Zechariah 2:1thematic

Echoes the symbolic action of the measuring line being stretched out over Jerusalem.

Supported by JFB

v38Nehemiah 3:1thematic

Mentions the actual rebuilding of the Tower of Hananeel during the restoration.

Supported by Matthew Poole