Jeremiah 31NIV
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Jeremiah31

New International Version

1“At that time,” declares the Lord, “I will be the God of all the families of Israel, and they will be my people.”

2This is what the Lord says: “The people who survive the sword will find favor in the wilderness; I will come to give rest to Israel.”

3The Lord appeared to us in the past, saying: “I have loved you with an everlasting love; I have drawn you with unfailing kindness.

4I will build you up again, and you, Virgin Israel, will be rebuilt. Again you will take up your timbrels and go out to dance with the joyful.

5Again you will plant vineyards on the hills of Samaria; the farmers will plant them and enjoy their fruit.

6There will be a day when watchmen cry out on the hills of Ephraim, ‘Come, let us go up to Zion, to the Lord our God.’”

7This is what the Lord says: “Sing with joy for Jacob; shout for the foremost of the nations. Make your praises heard, and say, ‘Lord, save your people, the remnant of Israel.’

8See, I will bring them from the land of the north and gather them from the ends of the earth. Among them will be the blind and the lame, expectant mothers and women in labor; a great throng will return.

9They will come with weeping; they will pray as I bring them back. I will lead them beside streams of water on a level path where they will not stumble, because I am Israel’s father, and Ephraim is my firstborn son.

10“Hear the word of the Lord, you nations; proclaim it in distant coastlands: ‘He who scattered Israel will gather them and will watch over his flock like a shepherd.’

11For the Lord will deliver Jacob and redeem them from the hand of those stronger than they.

12They will come and shout for joy on the heights of Zion; they will rejoice in the bounty of the Lord— the grain, the new wine and the olive oil, the young of the flocks and herds. They will be like a well-watered garden, and they will sorrow no more.

13Then young women will dance and be glad, young men and old as well. I will turn their mourning into gladness; I will give them comfort and joy instead of sorrow.

14I will satisfy the priests with abundance, and my people will be filled with my bounty,” declares the Lord.

15This is what the Lord says: “A voice is heard in Ramah, mourning and great weeping, Rachel weeping for her children and refusing to be comforted, because they are no more.”

16This is what the Lord says: “Restrain your voice from weeping and your eyes from tears, for your work will be rewarded,” declares the Lord. “They will return from the land of the enemy.

17So there is hope for your descendants,” declares the Lord. “Your children will return to their own land.

18“I have surely heard Ephraim’s moaning: ‘You disciplined me like an unruly calf, and I have been disciplined. Restore me, and I will return, because you are the Lord my God.

19After I strayed, I repented; after I came to understand, I beat my breast. I was ashamed and humiliated because I bore the disgrace of my youth.’

20Is not Ephraim my dear son, the child in whom I delight? Though I often speak against him, I still remember him. Therefore my heart yearns for him; I have great compassion for him,” declares the Lord.

21“Set up road signs; put up guideposts. Take note of the highway, the road that you take. Return, Virgin Israel, return to your towns.

22How long will you wander, unfaithful Daughter Israel? The Lord will create a new thing on earth— the woman will return to the man.”

23This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: “When I bring them back from captivity, the people in the land of Judah and in its towns will once again use these words: ‘The Lord bless you, you prosperous city, you sacred mountain.’

24People will live together in Judah and all its towns—farmers and those who move about with their flocks.

25I will refresh the weary and satisfy the faint.”

26At this I awoke and looked around. My sleep had been pleasant to me.

27“The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will plant the kingdoms of Israel and Judah with the offspring of people and of animals.

28Just as I watched over them to uproot and tear down, and to overthrow, destroy and bring disaster, so I will watch over them to build and to plant,” declares the Lord.

29“In those days people will no longer say, ‘The parents have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’

30Instead, everyone will die for their own sin; whoever eats sour grapes—their own teeth will be set on edge.

31“The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and with the people of Judah.

32It will not be like the covenant I made with their ancestors when I took them by the hand to lead them out of Egypt, because they broke my covenant, though I was a husband to them,” declares the Lord.

33“This is the covenant I will make with the people of Israel after that time,” declares the Lord. “I will put my law in their minds and write it on their hearts. I will be their God, and they will be my people.

34No longer will they teach their neighbor, or say to one another, ‘Know the Lord,’ because they will all know me, from the least of them to the greatest,” declares the Lord. “For I will forgive their wickedness and will remember their sins no more.”

35This is what the Lord says, he who appoints the sun to shine by day, who decrees the moon and stars to shine by night, who stirs up the sea so that its waves roar— the Lord Almighty is his name:

36“Only if these decrees vanish from my sight,” declares the Lord, “will Israel ever cease being a nation before me.”

37This is what the Lord says: “Only if the heavens above can be measured and the foundations of the earth below be searched out will I reject all the descendants of Israel because of all they have done,” declares the Lord.

38“The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when this city will be rebuilt for me from the Tower of Hananel to the Corner Gate.

39The measuring line will stretch from there straight to the hill of Gareb and then turn to Goah.

40The whole valley where dead bodies and ashes are thrown, and all the terraces out to the Kidron Valley on the east as far as the corner of the Horse Gate, will be holy to the Lord. The city will never again be uprooted or demolished.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 31.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The restoration of Israel. (1-9). Promises of guidance and happiness; Rachel lamenting. (10-17). Ephraim laments his errors. (18-20). The promised Saviour. (21-26). God's care over the church. (27-34). Peace and prosperity in gospel time. (35-40).

vv1-9

God assures his people that he will again take them into covenant relation to himself. When brought very low, and difficulties appear, it is good to remember that it has been so with the church formerly. But it is hard under present frowns to take comfort from former smiles; yet it is the happiness of those who, through grace, are interested in the love of God, that it is an everlasting love, from everlasting in the counsels, to everlasting in the continuance. Those whom God loves with this love, he will draw to himself, by the influences of his Spirit upon their souls. When praising God for what he has done, we must call upon him for the favours his church needs and expects. When the Lord calls, we must not plead that we cannot come; for he that calls us, will help us, will strengthen us. The goodness of God shall lead them to repentance. And they shall weep for sin with more bitterness, and more tenderness, when delivered out of their captivity, than when groaning under it. If we take God for our Father, and join the church of the first-born, we shall want nothing that is good for us. These predictions doubtless refer also to a future gathering of the Israelites from all quarters of the globe. And they figuratively describe the conversion of sinners to Christ, and the plain and safe way in which they are led.

vv10-17

He that scattered Israel, knows where to find them. It is comfortable to observe the goodness of the Lord in the gifts of providence. But our souls are never valuable as gardens, unless watered with the dews of God's Spirit and grace. A precious promise follows, which will not have full accomplishment except in the heavenly Zion. Let them be satisfied of God's loving-kindness, and they will be satisfied with it, and desire no more to make them happy. Rachel is represented as rising from her grave, and refusing to be comforted, supposing her offspring rooted out. The murder of the children at Bethlehem, by Herod, Matt. 2:16-18, in some degree fulfilled this prediction, but could not be its full meaning. If we have hope in the end, concerning an eternal inheritance, for ourselves and those belonging to us, all temporal afflictions may be borne, and will be for our good.

vv18-20

Ephraim (the ten tribes) is weeping for sin. He is angry at himself for his sin, and folly, and frowardness. He finds he cannot, by his own power, keep himself close with God, much less bring himself back when he is revolted. Therefore he prays, Turn thou me, and I shall be turned. His will was bowed to the will of God. When the teaching of God's Spirit went with the corrections of his providence, then the work was done. This is our comfort in affliction, that the Lord thinks upon us. God has mercy in store, rich mercy, sure mercy, suitable mercy, for all who seek him in sincerity.

Cross References

Jeremiah 31
v15Matthew 2:16fulfillment

Herod's slaughter of the Bethlehem infants explicitly fulfills Rachel weeping for her children in Ramah.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v31Hebrews 8:8quotation

Explicitly quotes Jeremiah 31:31 to introduce the New Covenant fulfilled in Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v33Hebrews 10:16quotation

Quotes the promise of the law written on the heart under the New Covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Contrast: The curse of planting vines and not eating them is reversed here as common food.

Supported by JFB

v29Ezekiel 18:2thematic

Direct parallel regarding the proverb of children's teeth set on edge by fathers eating sour grapes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v32Hebrews 8:9quotation

Quotes verse 32 contrasting the New Covenant with the broken Sinai covenant.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Hebrews 8:11quotation

Quotes verse 34, declaring that all shall know the Lord without needing external teaching.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v34Hebrews 8:12quotation

Quotes the vital New Covenant guarantee that God will remember their sins no more.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Jeremiah 30:22thematic

Repeats the foundational covenant formula: 'ye shall be my people, and I will be your God.'

Supported by John Calvin

v3Hosea 11:4allusion

The Lord drawing Israel with bands of love and cords of a man.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Exodus 15:20thematic

Miriam and the virgins going forth with tabrets/timbrels and dances celebrating redemption.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Leviticus 19:23thematic

The law of planting trees; in the fifth year fruit is eaten as a common thing.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v22Isaiah 7:14allusion

Thematic link to the 'new thing' of a virgin conceiving, related to the incarnation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v28Jeremiah 1:10thematic

Reverses the commission given to Jeremiah to pluck up, throw down, build, and plant.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v31Romans 11:26thematic

Applies the salvation and covenant of Israel to the ultimate eschatological gathering.

Supported by JFB

v35Jeremiah 33:20thematic

Parallels the unbreakable covenant with day and night to establish Israel's permanent preservation.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Exodus 33:14thematic

God promising His presence will go before Israel to cause him to rest in wilderness.

Supported by JFB

v2Numbers 10:33thematic

The ark going before them in the wilderness to search out a resting place.

Supported by JFB

v2Isaiah 40:3thematic

Chaldea/exile is metaphorically described as a desert or wilderness where God prepares a way.

Supported by John Calvin, JFB

v41 Samuel 18:6thematic

Virgins coming out with tabrets and joy to celebrate victories of Israel's king.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v20Isaiah 63:15thematic

The sounding/troubling of God's bowels and mercies toward His rebellious but beloved children.

Supported by JFB

v20Hosea 11:8thematic

God's heart turning within Him, refusing to execute fierce anger against Ephraim.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Hosea 11:4thematic

Reflects God drawing His backsliding people with cords of love and mercy.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Explains the law of eating fruit of newly planted vines as common things.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v33Ezekiel 36:25-27thematic

Parallels putting the Spirit within believers to enable walking in God's statutes.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v37Romans 11:1thematic

Demonstrates that God has not permanently cast off His people Israel.

Supported by JFB

v40Zechariah 14:20thematic

Parallels the ultimate consecration where even common places become holy to the Lord.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v1Hebrews 8:10fulfillment

The ultimate fulfillment of the covenant formula under the New Covenant in Christ.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Psalms 143:5thematic

Remembering the days of old and God's former wonders to sustain hope in current distress.

Supported by John Calvin

v3Malachi 1:2thematic

God declares His sovereign, electing love to Jacob: 'I have loved you, saith the Lord.'

Supported by JFB

v4Jude 11:34thematic

Jephthah's daughter coming out to meet him with timbrels and with dances.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v25Matthew 11:28thematic

Christ's invitation to the weary and heavy laden to find rest echoes verse 25.

Supported by Matthew Henry

The Mosaic law establishing that fathers shall not be put to death for children.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v30Ezekiel 18:20thematic

Reinforces personal accountability; the soul who sins is the one who will die.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v39Zechariah 2:1thematic

Echoes the symbolic action of the measuring line being stretched out over Jerusalem.

Supported by JFB

v38Nehemiah 3:1thematic

Mentions the actual rebuilding of the Tower of Hananeel during the restoration.

Supported by Matthew Poole