Luke22
New King James Version
1Now the Feast of Unleavened Bread drew near, which is called Passover.
2And the chief priests and the scribes sought how they might kill Him, for they feared the people.
3Then Satan entered Judas, surnamed Iscariot, who was numbered among the twelve.
4So he went his way and conferred with the chief priests and captains, how he might betray Him to them.
5And they were glad, and agreed to give him money.
6So he promised and sought opportunity to betray Him to them in the absence of the multitude.
7Then came the Day of Unleavened Bread, when the Passover must be killed.
8And He sent Peter and John, saying, “Go and prepare the Passover for us, that we may eat.”
9So they said to Him, “Where do You want us to prepare?”
10And He said to them, “Behold, when you have entered the city, a man will meet you carrying a pitcher of water; follow him into the house which he enters.
11Then you shall say to the master of the house, ‘The Teacher says to you, “Where is the guest room where I may eat the Passover with My disciples?” ’
12Then he will show you a large, furnished upper room; there make ready.”
13So they went and found it just as He had said to them, and they prepared the Passover.
14When the hour had come, He sat down, and the twelve apostles with Him.
15Then He said to them, “With fervent desire I have desired to eat this Passover with you before I suffer;
16for I say to you, I will no longer eat of it until it is fulfilled in the kingdom of God.”
17Then He took the cup, and gave thanks, and said, “Take this and divide it among yourselves;
18for I say to you, I will not drink of the fruit of the vine until the kingdom of God comes.”
19And He took bread, gave thanks and broke it, and gave it to them, saying, “This is My body which is given for you; do this in remembrance of Me.”
20Likewise He also took the cup after supper, saying, “This cup is the new covenant in My blood, which is shed for you.
21But behold, the hand of My betrayer is with Me on the table.
22And truly the Son of Man goes as it has been determined, but woe to that man by whom He is betrayed!”
23Then they began to question among themselves, which of them it was who would do this thing.
24Now there was also a dispute among them, as to which of them should be considered the greatest.
25And He said to them, “The kings of the Gentiles exercise lordship over them, and those who exercise authority over them are called ‘benefactors.’
26But not so among you; on the contrary, he who is greatest among you, let him be as the younger, and he who governs as he who serves.
27For who is greater, he who sits at the table, or he who serves? Is it not he who sits at the table? Yet I am among you as the One who serves.
28“But you are those who have continued with Me in My trials.
29And I bestow upon you a kingdom, just as My Father bestowed one upon Me,
30that you may eat and drink at My table in My kingdom, and sit on thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel.”
31And the Lord said, “Simon, Simon! Indeed, Satan has asked for you, that he may sift you as wheat.
32But I have prayed for you, that your faith should not fail; and when you have returned to Me, strengthen your brethren.”
33But he said to Him, “Lord, I am ready to go with You, both to prison and to death.”
34Then He said, “I tell you, Peter, the rooster shall not crow this day before you will deny three times that you know Me.”
35And He said to them, “When I sent you without money bag, knapsack, and sandals, did you lack anything?” So they said, “Nothing.”
36Then He said to them, “But now, he who has a money bag, let him take it, and likewise a knapsack; and he who has no sword, let him sell his garment and buy one.
37For I say to you that this which is written must still be accomplished in Me: ‘And He was numbered with the transgressors.’ For the things concerning Me have an end.”
38So they said, “Lord, look, here are two swords.” And He said to them, “It is enough.”
39Coming out, He went to the Mount of Olives, as He was accustomed, and His disciples also followed Him.
40When He came to the place, He said to them, “Pray that you may not enter into temptation.”
41And He was withdrawn from them about a stone’s throw, and He knelt down and prayed,
42saying, “Father, if it is Your will, take this cup away from Me; nevertheless not My will, but Yours, be done.”
43Then an angel appeared to Him from heaven, strengthening Him.
44And being in agony, He prayed more earnestly. Then His sweat became like great drops of blood falling down to the ground.
45When He rose up from prayer, and had come to His disciples, He found them sleeping from sorrow.
46Then He said to them, “Why do you sleep? Rise and pray, lest you enter into temptation.”
47And while He was still speaking, behold, a multitude; and he who was called Judas, one of the twelve, went before them and drew near to Jesus to kiss Him.
48But Jesus said to him, “Judas, are you betraying the Son of Man with a kiss?”
49When those around Him saw what was going to happen, they said to Him, “Lord, shall we strike with the sword?”
50And one of them struck the servant of the high priest and cut off his right ear.
51But Jesus answered and said, “Permit even this.” And He touched his ear and healed him.
52Then Jesus said to the chief priests, captains of the temple, and the elders who had come to Him, “Have you come out, as against a robber, with swords and clubs?
53When I was with you daily in the temple, you did not try to seize Me. But this is your hour, and the power of darkness.”
54Having arrested Him, they led Him and brought Him into the high priest’s house. But Peter followed at a distance.
55Now when they had kindled a fire in the midst of the courtyard and sat down together, Peter sat among them.
56And a certain servant girl, seeing him as he sat by the fire, looked intently at him and said, “This man was also with Him.”
57But he denied Him, saying, “Woman, I do not know Him.”
58And after a little while another saw him and said, “You also are of them.” But Peter said, “Man, I am not!”
59Then after about an hour had passed, another confidently affirmed, saying, “Surely this fellow also was with Him, for he is a Galilean.”
60But Peter said, “Man, I do not know what you are saying!” Immediately, while he was still speaking, the rooster crowed.
61And the Lord turned and looked at Peter. Then Peter remembered the word of the Lord, how He had said to him, “Before the rooster crows, you will deny Me three times.”
62So Peter went out and wept bitterly.
63Now the men who held Jesus mocked Him and beat Him.
64And having blindfolded Him, they struck Him on the face and asked Him, saying, “Prophesy! Who is the one who struck You?”
65And many other things they blasphemously spoke against Him.
66As soon as it was day, the elders of the people, both chief priests and scribes, came together and led Him into their council, saying,
67“If You are the Christ, tell us.” But He said to them, “If I tell you, you will by no means believe.
68And if I also ask you, you will by no means answer Me or let Me go.
69Hereafter the Son of Man will sit on the right hand of the power of God.”
70Then they all said, “Are You then the Son of God?” So He said to them, “You rightly say that I am.”
71And they said, “What further testimony do we need? For we have heard it ourselves from His own mouth.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 22.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The treachery of Judas. (1–6). The passover. (7–18). The Lord's supper instituted. (19, 20). Christ admonishes the disciples. (21–38). Christ's agony in the garden. (39–46). Christ betrayed. (47–53). The fall of Peter. (54–62). Christ confesses himself to be the Son of God. (63–71).
vv1-6
Christ knew all men, and had wise and holy ends in taking Judas to be a disciple. How he who knew Christ so well, came to betray him, we are here told; Satan entered into Judas. It is hard to say whether more mischief is done to Christ's kingdom, by the power of its open enemies, or by the treachery of its pretended friends; but without the latter, its enemies could not do so much evil as they do.
vv7-18
Christ kept the ordinances of the law, particularly that of the passover, to teach us to observe his gospel institutions, and most of all that of the Lord's supper. Those who go upon Christ's word, need not fear disappointment. According to the orders given them, the disciples got all ready for the passover. Jesus bids this passover welcome. He desired it, though he knew his sufferings would follow, because it was in order to his Father's glory and man's redemption. He takes his leave of all passovers, signifying thereby his doing away all the ordinances of the ceremonial law, of which the passover was one of the earliest and chief. That type was laid aside, because now in the kingdom of God the substance was come.
vv19-20
The Lord's supper is a sign or memorial of Christ already come, who by dying delivered us; his death is in special manner set before us in that ordinance, by which we are reminded of it. The breaking of Christ's body as a sacrifice for us, is therein brought to our remembrance by the breaking of bread. Nothing can be more nourishing and satisfying to the soul, than the doctrine of Christ's making atonement for sin, and the assurance of an interest in that atonement. Therefore we do this in rememberance of what He did for us, when he died for us; and for a memorial of what we do, in joining ourselves to him in an everlasting covenant. The shedding of Christ's blood, by which the atonement was made, is represented by the wine in the cup.
Key Words
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἑορτή (heortḗ): a festival
ἄζυμος (ázymos): unleavened, i.e. (figuratively) uncorrupted; (in the neutral plural) specially (by implication) the Passover week
ἐγγίζω (engízō): to make near, i.e. (reflexively) approach
λέγω (légō): properly, to "lay" forth, i.e. (figuratively) relate (in words (usually of systematic or set discourse; whereas G2036 (ἔπω) and G5346 (φημί) generally refer to an individual expression or speech respectively; while G4483 (ῥέω) is properly to break silence merely, and G2980 (λαλέω) means an extended or random harangue)); by implication, to mean
πάσχα (páscha): the Passover (the meal, the day, the festival or the special sacrifices connected with it)
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἀρχιερεύς (archiereús): the high-priest (literally, of the Jews, typically, Christ); by extension a chief priest
γραμματεύς (grammateús): scribe, town-clerk
ζητέω (zētéō): to seek (literally or figuratively); specially, (by Hebraism) to worship (God), or (in a bad sense) to plot (against life)
Cross References
Luke 22Christ is identified as our true Passover lamb, fulfilling the old covenant type.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly quoted by Jesus: 'And he was reckoned among the transgressors,' establishing His substitutionary suffering.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Describes Christ's loud cries and tears during His Gethsemane agony as he was heard in fear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Direct reference back to Jesus' earlier specific warning to Peter in the same chapter.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The tragic climax of Satan's influence on Judas occurs during the Passover meal.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic designation of the cheap price set upon Jesus by the Jewish leaders.
Supported by JFB
The institution of the Lord's Supper fulfills the promise of the New Covenant in Jeremiah.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
The blood of the Mosaic covenant types Christ's blood of the New Testament.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Old Testament prophetic background for the betrayer sharing bread at the table with Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels teaching on Gentile rulers exercising lordship versus Christian leadership as service.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels sitting on twelve thrones judging the twelve tribes of Israel in the kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Parallel imagery of "the cup" and Jesus' submission to the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Synoptic parallel of the Gethsemane prayer to remove the cup under the Father's will.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct theological match for the "power of darkness" (domain of darkness) mentioned by Jesus.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel account of Peter remembering Jesus' words and weeping bitterly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfilled look of mercy connected to Christ's prayer that Peter's faith would not fail.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Prophetic fulfillment of the Messiah giving His face to shame and spitting.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus' self-designation as 'Son of man' sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The ultimate destiny of the Messiah sitting at the right hand of power.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The preliminary stage of Satan's instigation in Judas's heart before full possession.
Supported by JFB
The foundation of the Passover feast which Jesus here observes and fulfills.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Further description of eating and drinking in the fulfilled kingdom of God.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Matthew's parallel promise of future fellowship in the Father's kingdom.
Supported by JFB
Matthew's parallel account of the institution of the Lord's Supper.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul's instruction on the Lord's Supper, reflecting its ongoing remembrance in the Church.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The historical demonstration of Christ's words: 'I am among you as he that serveth.'
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal and conceptual echo of the sifting process to separate wheat from chaff.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Illustrates Satan's demand to obtain permission to test and afflict God's servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Fulfillment of Christ's charge to Peter to 'strengthen thy brethren' after his restoration.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
Prophetic background for the betrayal price of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by JFB
Identifies Peter as the swordsman and Malchus as the high priest's servant who was struck.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The direct fulfillment of Jesus' warning that Peter would deny Him three times before the cock crew.
Supported by JFB
Parallel high priest interrogation demanding if He is the Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel confession of the Son of man's future glory and sitting in power.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The parallel account detailing the exact transaction of thirty pieces of silver.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Theological significance of believers participating in Christ's body and blood.
Supported by Matthew Henry