John18
New American Standard
1When Jesus had spoken these words, He went away with His disciples across the ravine of the Kidron, where there was a garden which He entered with His disciples.
2Now Judas, who was betraying Him, also knew the place, because Jesus had often met there with His disciples.
3So Judas, having obtained the Roman cohort and officers from the chief priests and the Pharisees, came there with lanterns, torches, and weapons.
4Jesus therefore, knowing all the things that were coming upon Him, came out into the open and said to them, “Whom are you seeking?”
5They answered Him, “Jesus the Nazarene.” He said to them, “I am He.” And Judas also, who was betraying Him, was standing with them.
6Now then, when He said to them, “I am He,” they drew back and fell to the ground.
7He then asked them again, “Whom are you seeking?” And they said, “Jesus the Nazarene.”
8Jesus answered, “I told you that I am He; so if you are seeking Me, let these men go on their way.”
9This took place so that the word which He spoke would be fulfilled: “Of those whom You have given Me I lost not one.”
10Then Simon Peter, since he had a sword, drew it and struck the high priest’s slave, and cut off his right ear; and the slave’s name was Malchus.
11So Jesus said to Peter, “Put the sword into the sheath; the cup which the Father has given Me, am I not to drink it?”
12So the Roman cohort, the commander, and the officers of the Jews arrested Jesus and bound Him,
13and brought Him to Annas first; for he was the father-in-law of Caiaphas, who was high priest that year.
14Now Caiaphas was the one who had advised the Jews that it was in their best interest for one man to die in behalf of the people.
15Simon Peter was following Jesus, and so was another disciple. Now that disciple was known to the high priest, and he entered with Jesus into the courtyard of the high priest,
16but Peter was standing at the door outside. So the other disciple, who was known to the high priest, went out and spoke to the doorkeeper, and brought Peter in.
17Then the slave woman who was the doorkeeper said to Peter, “You are not also one of this Man’s disciples, are you?” He said, “I am not.”
18Now the slaves and the officers were standing there, having made a charcoal fire, for it was cold and they were warming themselves; and Peter was also with them, standing and warming himself.
19The high priest then questioned Jesus about His disciples, and about His teaching.
20Jesus answered him, “I have spoken openly to the world; I always taught in synagogues and in the temple area, where all the Jews congregate; and I said nothing in secret.
21Why are you asking Me? Ask those who have heard what I spoke to them. Look: these people know what I said.”
22But when He said this, one of the officers, who was standing nearby, struck Jesus, saying, “Is that the way You answer the high priest?”
23Jesus answered him, “If I have spoken wrongly, testify of the wrong; but if rightly, why do you strike Me?”
24So Annas sent Him bound to Caiaphas the high priest.
25Now Simon Peter was still standing and warming himself. So they said to him, “You are not one of His disciples as well, are you?” He denied it, and said, “I am not.”
26One of the slaves of the high priest, who was related to the one whose ear Peter cut off, said, “Did I not see you in the garden with Him?”
27Peter then denied it again, and immediately a rooster crowed.
28Then they brought Jesus from Caiaphas into the Praetorium, and it was early; and they themselves did not enter the Praetorium, so that they would not be defiled, but might eat the Passover.
29Therefore Pilate came out to them and said, “What accusation are you bringing against this Man?”
30They answered and said to him, “If this Man were not a criminal, we would not have handed Him over to you.”
31So Pilate said to them, “Take Him yourselves, and judge Him according to your law.” The Jews said to him, “We are not permitted to put anyone to death.”
32This happened so that the word of Jesus which He said, indicating what kind of death He was going to die, would be fulfilled.
33Therefore Pilate entered the Praetorium again, and summoned Jesus and said to Him, “You are the King of the Jews?”
34Jesus answered, “Are you saying this on your own, or did others tell you about Me?”
35Pilate answered, “I am not a Jew, am I? Your own nation and the chief priests handed You over to me; what have You done?”
36Jesus answered, “My kingdom is not of this world. If My kingdom were of this world, My servants would be fighting so that I would not be handed over to the Jews; but as it is, My kingdom is not of this realm.”
37Therefore Pilate said to Him, “So You are a king?” Jesus answered, “You say correctly that I am a king. For this purpose I have been born, and for this I have come into the world: to testify to the truth. Everyone who is of the truth listens to My voice.”
38Pilate said to Him, “What is truth?” And after saying this, he came out again to the Jews and said to them, “I find no grounds at all for charges in His case.
39However, you have a custom that I release one prisoner for you at the Passover; therefore do you wish that I release for you the King of the Jews?”
40So they shouted again, saying, “Not this Man, but Barabbas.” Now Barabbas was a rebel.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for John 18.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ taken in the garden. (1–12). Christ before Annas and Caiaphas. (13–27). Christ before Pilate. (28–40).
vv1-12
Sin began in the garden of Eden, there the curse was pronounced, there the Redeemer was promised; and in a garden that promised Seed entered into conflict with the old serpent. Christ was buried also in a garden. Let us, when we walk in our gardens, take occasion from thence to mediate on Christ's sufferings in a garden. Our Lord Jesus, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth and asked, Whom seek ye? When the people would have forced him to a crown, he withdrew, ch. 6:15, but when they came to force him to a cross, he offered himself; for he came into this world to suffer, and went to the other world to reign. He showed plainly what he could have done; when he struck them down he could have struck them dead, but he would not do so. It must have been the effect of Divine power, that the officers and soldiers let the disciples go away quietly, after the resistance which had been offered. Christ set us an example of meekness in sufferings, and a pattern of submission to God's will in every thing that concerns us. It is but a cup, a small matter. It is a cup that is given us; sufferings are gifts. It is given us by a Father, who has a father's authority, and does us no wrong; a father's affection, and means us no hurt. From the example of our Saviour we should learn how to receive our lighter afflictions, and to ask ourselves whether we ought to oppose our Father's will, or to distrust his love. We were bound with the cords of our iniquities, with the yoke of our transgressions. Christ, being made a sin-offering for us, to free us from those bonds, himself submitted to be bound for us. To his bonds we owe our liberty; thus the Son makes us free.
vv13-27
Simon Peter denied his Master. The particulars have been noticed in the remarks on the other Gospels. The beginning of sin is as the letting forth of water. The sin of lying is a fruitful sin; one lie needs another to support it, and that another. If a call to expose ourselves to danger be clear, we may hope God will enable us to honour him; if it be not, we may fear that God will leave us to shame ourselves. They said nothing concerning the miracles of Jesus, by which he had done so much good, and which proved his doctrine. Thus the enemies of Christ, whilst they quarrel with his truth, wilfully shut their eyes against it. He appeals to those who heard him. The doctrine of Christ may safely appeal to all that know it, and those who judge in truth bear witness to it. Our resentment of injuries must never be passionate. He reasoned with the man that did him the injury, and so may we.
vv28-32
It was unjust to put one to death who had done so much good, therefore the Jews were willing to save themselves from reproach. Many fear the scandal of an ill thing, more than the sin of it. Christ had said he should be delivered to the Gentiles, and they should put him to death; hereby that saying was fulfilled. He had said that he should be crucified, lifted up. If the Jews had judged him by their law, he had been stoned; crucifying never was used among the Jews. It is determined concerning us, though not discovered to us, what death we shall die: this should free us from disquiet about that matter. Lord, what, when, and how, thou hast appointed.
Key Words
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs): Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
ἔπω (épō): to speak or say (by word or writing)
ταῦτα (taûta): these things
ἐξέρχομαι (exérchomai): to issue (literally or figuratively)
σύν (sýn): with or together (but much closer than G3326 (μετά) or G3844 (παρά)), i.e. by association, companionship, process, resemblance, possession, instrumentality, addition, etc.
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
μαθητής (mathētḗs): a learner, i.e. pupil
πέραν (péran): through (as adverb or preposition), i.e. across
χείμαῤῥος (cheímarrhos): a storm-runlet, i.e. winter-torrent
Κεδρών (Kedrṓn): Cedron (i.e. Kidron), a brook near Jerusalem
Cross References
John 18Directly fulfills Jesus' recent petition that none of those given Him would be lost.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
Recalls Caiaphas' ironic, divinely overruled prophecy that one man should die for the nation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
David crosses the brook Kidron in sorrow, betrayed by a close companion (Ahithophel/Judas type).
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel to the Gethsemane prayer where Jesus accepts the bitter cup from His Father.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin
Jesus previously fled an earthly crown, confirming His kingdom is not of this world.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Paul commends Timothy by pointing to Christ's bold, good confession before Pontius Pilate.
Supported by JFB
Establishes Jesus' known custom of retiring to the Mount of Olives at night.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus goes forth willingly, proving He lays down His life of His own accord.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Wicked adversaries draw near but stumble and fall backward before His divine majesty.
Supported by John Calvin
Peter charges the Jews with denying the Holy One in favor of a murderer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ slays/strikes the earth with the rod of His mouth, foreshadowed here.
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic description of the Messiah giving His cheek to those who strike Him.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Christ acts as our exemplar by not reviling in return when suffering unjustly.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfills Christ's specific prediction of being lifted up, implying Roman crucifixion rather than stoning.
Supported by Matthew Henry