John19
New American Standard
1So Pilate then took Jesus and had Him flogged.
2And the soldiers twisted together a crown of thorns and placed it on His head, and put a purple cloak on Him;
3and they repeatedly came up to Him and said, “Hail, King of the Jews!” and slapped Him in the face again and again.
4And then Pilate came out again and said to them, “See, I am bringing Him out to you so that you will know that I find no grounds at all for charges in His case.”
5Jesus then came out, wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said to them, “Behold, the Man!”
6So when the chief priests and the officers saw Him, they shouted, saying, “Crucify, crucify!” Pilate said to them, “Take Him yourselves and crucify Him; for I find no grounds for charges in His case!”
7The Jews answered him, “We have a law, and by that law He ought to die, because He made Himself out to be the Son of God!”
8Therefore when Pilate heard this statement, he was even more afraid;
9and he entered the Praetorium again and said to Jesus, “Where are You from?” But Jesus gave him no answer.
10So Pilate said to Him, “Are you not speaking to me? Do You not know that I have authority to release You, and I have authority to crucify You?”
11Jesus answered him, “You would have no authority over Me at all, if it had not been given to you from above; for this reason the one who handed Me over to you has the greater sin.”
12As a result of this, Pilate made efforts to release Him; but the Jews shouted, saying, “If you release this Man, you are not a friend of Caesar; everyone who makes himself out to be a king opposes Caesar!”
13Therefore when Pilate heard these words, he brought Jesus out, and sat down on the judgment seat at a place called The Pavement—but in Hebrew, Gabbatha.
14Now it was the day of preparation for the Passover; it was about the sixth hour. And he said to the Jews, “Look, your King!”
15So they shouted, “Away with Him, away with Him, crucify Him!” Pilate said to them, “Shall I crucify your King?” The chief priests answered, “We have no king except Caesar.”
16So he then handed Him over to them to be crucified.
17They took Jesus, therefore, and He went out, carrying His own cross, to the place called the Place of a Skull, which in Hebrew is called, Golgotha.
18There they crucified Him, and with Him two other men, one on either side, and Jesus in between.
19Now Pilate also wrote an inscription and put it on the cross. It was written: “JESUS THE NAZARENE, THE KING OF THE JEWS.”
20Therefore many of the Jews read this inscription, because the place where Jesus was crucified was near the city; and it was written in Hebrew, Latin, and in Greek.
21So the chief priests of the Jews were saying to Pilate, “Do not write, ‘The King of the Jews’; rather, write that He said, ‘I am King of the Jews.’”
22Pilate answered, “What I have written, I have written.”
23Then the soldiers, when they had crucified Jesus, took His outer garments and made four parts: a part to each soldier, and the tunic also; but the tunic was seamless, woven in one piece.
24So they said to one another, “Let’s not tear it, but cast lots for it, to decide whose it shall be.” This happened so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “They divided My garments among themselves, and they cast lots for My clothing.” Therefore the soldiers did these things.
25Now beside the cross of Jesus stood His mother, His mother’s sister, Mary the wife of Clopas, and Mary Magdalene.
26So when Jesus saw His mother, and the disciple whom He loved standing nearby, He said to His mother, “Woman, behold, your son!”
27Then He said to the disciple, “Behold, your mother!” And from that hour the disciple took her into his own household.
28After this, Jesus, knowing that all things had already been accomplished, in order that the Scripture would be fulfilled, said, “I am thirsty.”
29A jar full of sour wine was standing there; so they put a sponge full of the sour wine on a branch of hyssop and brought it up to His mouth.
30Therefore when Jesus had received the sour wine, He said, “It is finished!” And He bowed His head and gave up His spirit.
31Now then, since it was the day of preparation, to prevent the bodies from remaining on the cross on the Sabbath (for that Sabbath was a high day), the Jews requested of Pilate that their legs be broken, and the bodies be taken away.
32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the first man, and of the other who was crucified with Him;
33but after they came to Jesus, when they saw that He was already dead, they did not break His legs.
34Yet one of the soldiers pierced His side with a spear, and immediately blood and water came out.
35And he who has seen has testified, and his testimony is true; and he knows that he is telling the truth, so that you also may believe.
36For these things took place so that the Scripture would be fulfilled: “Not a bone of Him shall be broken.”
37And again another Scripture says, “They will look at Him whom they pierced.”
38Now after these things Joseph of Arimathea, being a disciple of Jesus, but a secret one for fear of the Jews, requested of Pilate that he might take away the body of Jesus; and Pilate granted permission. So he came and took away His body.
39Nicodemus, who had first come to Him by night, also came, bringing a mixture of myrrh and aloes, about a hundred litras weight.
40So they took the body of Jesus and bound it in linen wrappings with the spices, as is the burial custom of the Jews.
41Now in the place where He was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden was a new tomb in which no one had yet been laid.
42Therefore because of the Jewish day of preparation, since the tomb was nearby, they laid Jesus there.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for John 19.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ condemned and crucified. (1–18). Christ on the cross. (19–30). His side pierced. (31–37). The burial of Jesus. (38–42).
vv1-18
Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to their scorn. It is good for every one with faith, to behold Christ Jesus in his sufferings. Behold him, and love him; be still looking unto Jesus. Did their hatred sharpen their endeavours against him? and shall not our love for him quicken our endeavours for him and his kingdom? Pilate seems to have thought that Jesus might be some person above the common order. Even natural conscience makes men afraid of being found fighting against God. As our Lord suffered for the sins both of Jews and Gentiles, it was a special part of the counsel of Divine Wisdom, that the Jews should first purpose his death, and the Gentiles carry that purpose into effect. Had not Christ been thus rejected of men, we had been for ever rejected of God. Now was the Son of man delivered into the hands of wicked and unreasonable men. He was led forth for us, that we might escape. He was nailed to the cross, as a Sacrifice bound to the altar. The Scripture was fulfilled; he did not die at the altar among the sacrifices, but among criminals sacrificed to public justice. And now let us pause, and with faith look upon Jesus. Was ever sorrow like unto his sorrow? See him bleeding, see him dying, see him and love him! love him, and live to him!
vv19-30
Here are some remarkable circumstances of Jesus' death, more fully related than before. Pilate would not gratify the chief priests by allowing the writing to be altered; which was doubtless owing to a secret power of God upon his heart, that this statement of our Lord's character and authority might continue. Many things done by the Roman soldiers were fulfilments of the prophecies of the Old Testament. All things therein written shall be fulfilled. Christ tenderly provided for his mother at his death. Sometimes, when God removes one comfort from us, he raises up another for us, where we looked not for it. Christ's example teaches all men to honour their parents in life and death; to provide for their wants, and to promote their comfort by every means in their power. Especially observe the dying word wherewith Jesus breathed out his soul. It is finished; that is, the counsels of the Father concerning his sufferings were now fulfilled. It is finished; all the types and prophecies of the Old Testament, which pointed at the sufferings of the Messiah, were accomplished. It is finished; the ceremonial law is abolished; the substance is now come, and all the shadows are done away. It is finished; an end is made of transgression by bringing in an everlasting righteousness. His sufferings were now finished, both those of his soul, and those of his body. It is finished; the work of man's redemption and salvation is now completed. His life was not taken from him by force, but freely given up.
vv31-37
A trial was made whether Jesus was dead. He died in less time than persons crucified commonly did. It showed that he had laid down his life of himself. The spear broke up the very fountains of life; no human body could survive such a wound. But its being so solemnly attested, shows there was something peculiar in it. The blood and water that flowed out, signified those two great benefits which all believers partake of through Christ, justification and sanctification; blood for atonement, water for purification. They both flow from the pierced side of our Redeemer. To Christ crucified we owe merit for our justification, and Spirit and grace for our sanctification. Let this silence the fears of weak Christians, and encourage their hopes; there came both water and blood out of Jesus' pierced side, both to justify and sanctify them. The Scripture was fulfilled, in Pilate's not allowing his legs to be broken, Ps 34:20. There was a type of this in the paschal lamb, Ex 12:46. May we ever look to Him, whom, by our sins, we have ignorantly and heedlessly pierced, nay, sometimes against convictions and mercies; and who shed from his wounded side both water and blood, that we might be justified and sanctified in his name.
Key Words
Πιλᾶτος (Pilâtos): close-pressed, i.e. firm; Pilatus, a Roman
λαμβάνω (lambánō): while G138 (αἱρέομαι) is more violent, to seize or remove))
Ἰησοῦς (Iēsoûs): Jesus (i.e. Jehoshua), the name of our Lord and two (three) other Israelites
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
μαστιγόω (mastigóō): to flog (literally or figuratively)
στρατιώτης (stratiṓtēs): a camper-out, i.e. a (common) warrior (literally or figuratively)
πλέκω (plékō): to twine or braid
στέφανος (stéphanos): a chaplet (as a badge of royalty, a prize in the public games or a symbol of honor generally; but more conspicuous and elaborate than the simple fillet, G1238 (διάδημα)), literally or figuratively
ἐκ (ek): literal or figurative; direct or remote)
ἄκανθα (ákantha): a thorn
Cross References
John 19Directly quoted as the prophecy fulfilled by the Roman soldiers casting lots for Christ's seamless garment.
Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB
The paschal lamb archetype; explicitly referenced as fulfilled when Christ's legs were not broken.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Directly quoted as fulfilled when the soldier pierced Jesus' side with a spear.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The messianic prophecy fulfilled when they gave Jesus vinegar (sour wine) to drink on the cross.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Fulfilled by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus burying Jesus in a rich man's garden tomb.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The earlier theological conflict where the Jews sought to kill Him for making Himself equal with God.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicates the theological significance of Jesus bearing His cross and suffering outside the camp/city gate.
Supported by John Calvin
The specific Mosaic statute concerning false prophets that the Jews invoked to demand His execution.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Doctrinal parallel to Jesus' declaration that Pilate's governing authority is derived solely from above.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Synoptic parallel detailing the crucifixion, the parting of His garments, and the two thieves.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Mosaic law requiring that bodies hung on a tree must not remain overnight.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Highlights the spiritual growth of Nicodemus, who first came to Jesus in secret by night.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Suggests the origin of the purple or 'gorgeous' mock robe used by Herod's soldiers.
Supported by JFB
Prophesied that the Messiah would be 'numbered with the transgressors,' fulfilled by crucifixion between two others.
Supported by Matthew Henry