John 19NLT
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John19

New Living Translation

1Then Pilate had Jesus flogged with a lead-tipped whip.

2The soldiers wove a crown of thorns and put it on his head, and they put a purple robe on him.

3“Hail! King of the Jews!” they mocked, as they slapped him across the face.

4Pilate went outside again and said to the people, “I am going to bring him out to you now, but understand clearly that I find him not guilty.”

5Then Jesus came out wearing the crown of thorns and the purple robe. And Pilate said, “Look, here is the man!”

6When they saw him, the leading priests and Temple guards began shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify him!” “Take him yourselves and crucify him,” Pilate said. “I find him not guilty.”

7The Jewish leaders replied, “By our law he ought to die because he called himself the Son of God.”

8When Pilate heard this, he was more frightened than ever.

9He took Jesus back into the headquarters again and asked him, “Where are you from?” But Jesus gave no answer.

10“Why don’t you talk to me?” Pilate demanded. “Don’t you realize that I have the power to release you or crucify you?”

11Then Jesus said, “You would have no power over me at all unless it were given to you from above. So the one who handed me over to you has the greater sin.”

12Then Pilate tried to release him, but the Jewish leaders shouted, “If you release this man, you are no ‘friend of Caesar.’ Anyone who declares himself a king is a rebel against Caesar.”

13When they said this, Pilate brought Jesus out to them again. Then Pilate sat down on the judgment seat on the platform that is called the Stone Pavement (in Hebrew, Gabbatha).

14It was now about noon on the day of preparation for the Passover. And Pilate said to the people, “Look, here is your king!”

15“Away with him,” they yelled. “Away with him! Crucify him!” “What? Crucify your king?” Pilate asked. “We have no king but Caesar,” the leading priests shouted back.

16Then Pilate turned Jesus over to them to be crucified. So they took Jesus away.

17Carrying the cross by himself, he went to the place called Place of the Skull (in Hebrew, Golgotha).

18There they nailed him to the cross. Two others were crucified with him, one on either side, with Jesus between them.

19And Pilate posted a sign on the cross that read, “Jesus of Nazareth, the King of the Jews.”

20The place where Jesus was crucified was near the city, and the sign was written in Hebrew, Latin, and Greek, so that many people could read it.

21Then the leading priests objected and said to Pilate, “Change it from ‘The King of the Jews’ to ‘He said, I am King of the Jews.’”

22Pilate replied, “No, what I have written, I have written.”

23When the soldiers had crucified Jesus, they divided his clothes among the four of them. They also took his robe, but it was seamless, woven in one piece from top to bottom.

24So they said, “Rather than tearing it apart, let’s throw dice for it.” This fulfilled the Scripture that says, “They divided my garments among themselves and threw dice for my clothing.” So that is what they did.

25Standing near the cross were Jesus’ mother, and his mother’s sister, Mary (the wife of Clopas), and Mary Magdalene.

26When Jesus saw his mother standing there beside the disciple he loved, he said to her, “Dear woman, here is your son.”

27And he said to this disciple, “Here is your mother.” And from then on this disciple took her into his home.

28Jesus knew that his mission was now finished, and to fulfill Scripture he said, “I am thirsty.”

29A jar of sour wine was sitting there, so they soaked a sponge in it, put it on a hyssop branch, and held it up to his lips.

30When Jesus had tasted it, he said, “It is finished!” Then he bowed his head and gave up his spirit.

31It was the day of preparation, and the Jewish leaders didn’t want the bodies hanging there the next day, which was the Sabbath (and a very special Sabbath, because it was Passover week). So they asked Pilate to hasten their deaths by ordering that their legs be broken. Then their bodies could be taken down.

32So the soldiers came and broke the legs of the two men crucified with Jesus.

33But when they came to Jesus, they saw that he was already dead, so they didn’t break his legs.

34One of the soldiers, however, pierced his side with a spear, and immediately blood and water flowed out.

35(This report is from an eyewitness giving an accurate account. He speaks the truth so that you also may continue to believe.)

36These things happened in fulfillment of the Scriptures that say, “Not one of his bones will be broken,”

37and “They will look on the one they pierced.”

38Afterward Joseph of Arimathea, who had been a secret disciple of Jesus (because he feared the Jewish leaders), asked Pilate for permission to take down Jesus’ body. When Pilate gave permission, Joseph came and took the body away.

39With him came Nicodemus, the man who had come to Jesus at night. He brought about seventy-five pounds of perfumed ointment made from myrrh and aloes.

40Following Jewish burial custom, they wrapped Jesus’ body with the spices in long sheets of linen cloth.

41The place of crucifixion was near a garden, where there was a new tomb, never used before.

42And so, because it was the day of preparation for the Jewish Passover and since the tomb was close at hand, they laid Jesus there.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for John 19.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Christ condemned and crucified. (1–18). Christ on the cross. (19–30). His side pierced. (31–37). The burial of Jesus. (38–42).

vv1-18

Little did Pilate think with what holy regard these sufferings of Christ would, in after-ages, be thought upon and spoken of by the best and greatest of men. Our Lord Jesus came forth, willing to be exposed to their scorn. It is good for every one with faith, to behold Christ Jesus in his sufferings. Behold him, and love him; be still looking unto Jesus. Did their hatred sharpen their endeavours against him? and shall not our love for him quicken our endeavours for him and his kingdom? Pilate seems to have thought that Jesus might be some person above the common order. Even natural conscience makes men afraid of being found fighting against God. As our Lord suffered for the sins both of Jews and Gentiles, it was a special part of the counsel of Divine Wisdom, that the Jews should first purpose his death, and the Gentiles carry that purpose into effect. Had not Christ been thus rejected of men, we had been for ever rejected of God. Now was the Son of man delivered into the hands of wicked and unreasonable men. He was led forth for us, that we might escape. He was nailed to the cross, as a Sacrifice bound to the altar. The Scripture was fulfilled; he did not die at the altar among the sacrifices, but among criminals sacrificed to public justice. And now let us pause, and with faith look upon Jesus. Was ever sorrow like unto his sorrow? See him bleeding, see him dying, see him and love him! love him, and live to him!

vv19-30

Here are some remarkable circumstances of Jesus' death, more fully related than before. Pilate would not gratify the chief priests by allowing the writing to be altered; which was doubtless owing to a secret power of God upon his heart, that this statement of our Lord's character and authority might continue. Many things done by the Roman soldiers were fulfilments of the prophecies of the Old Testament. All things therein written shall be fulfilled. Christ tenderly provided for his mother at his death. Sometimes, when God removes one comfort from us, he raises up another for us, where we looked not for it. Christ's example teaches all men to honour their parents in life and death; to provide for their wants, and to promote their comfort by every means in their power. Especially observe the dying word wherewith Jesus breathed out his soul. It is finished; that is, the counsels of the Father concerning his sufferings were now fulfilled. It is finished; all the types and prophecies of the Old Testament, which pointed at the sufferings of the Messiah, were accomplished. It is finished; the ceremonial law is abolished; the substance is now come, and all the shadows are done away. It is finished; an end is made of transgression by bringing in an everlasting righteousness. His sufferings were now finished, both those of his soul, and those of his body. It is finished; the work of man's redemption and salvation is now completed. His life was not taken from him by force, but freely given up.

vv31-37

A trial was made whether Jesus was dead. He died in less time than persons crucified commonly did. It showed that he had laid down his life of himself. The spear broke up the very fountains of life; no human body could survive such a wound. But its being so solemnly attested, shows there was something peculiar in it. The blood and water that flowed out, signified those two great benefits which all believers partake of through Christ, justification and sanctification; blood for atonement, water for purification. They both flow from the pierced side of our Redeemer. To Christ crucified we owe merit for our justification, and Spirit and grace for our sanctification. Let this silence the fears of weak Christians, and encourage their hopes; there came both water and blood out of Jesus' pierced side, both to justify and sanctify them. The Scripture was fulfilled, in Pilate's not allowing his legs to be broken, Ps 34:20. There was a type of this in the paschal lamb, Ex 12:46. May we ever look to Him, whom, by our sins, we have ignorantly and heedlessly pierced, nay, sometimes against convictions and mercies; and who shed from his wounded side both water and blood, that we might be justified and sanctified in his name.

Cross References

John 19
v24Psalms 22:18quotation

Directly quoted as the prophecy fulfilled by the Roman soldiers casting lots for Christ's seamless garment.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v36Exodus 12:46typology

The paschal lamb archetype; explicitly referenced as fulfilled when Christ's legs were not broken.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v37Zechariah 12:10quotation

Directly quoted as fulfilled when the soldier pierced Jesus' side with a spear.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v29Psalms 69:21fulfillment

The messianic prophecy fulfilled when they gave Jesus vinegar (sour wine) to drink on the cross.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v38Isaiah 53:9fulfillment

Fulfilled by Joseph of Arimathea and Nicodemus burying Jesus in a rich man's garden tomb.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7John 5:18thematic

The earlier theological conflict where the Jews sought to kill Him for making Himself equal with God.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v17Hebrews 13:11-13typology

Explicates the theological significance of Jesus bearing His cross and suffering outside the camp/city gate.

Supported by John Calvin

The specific Mosaic statute concerning false prophets that the Jews invoked to demand His execution.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v11Romans 13:1thematic

Doctrinal parallel to Jesus' declaration that Pilate's governing authority is derived solely from above.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Matthew 27:35-38thematic

Synoptic parallel detailing the crucifixion, the parting of His garments, and the two thieves.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

The Mosaic law requiring that bodies hung on a tree must not remain overnight.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v39John 3:1-21thematic

Highlights the spiritual growth of Nicodemus, who first came to Jesus in secret by night.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v2Luke 23:11allusion

Suggests the origin of the purple or 'gorgeous' mock robe used by Herod's soldiers.

Supported by JFB

v18Isaiah 53:12fulfillment

Prophesied that the Messiah would be 'numbered with the transgressors,' fulfilled by crucifixion between two others.

Supported by Matthew Henry