Daniel7
New American Standard
1In the first year of Belshazzar king of Babylon, Daniel saw a dream and visions in his mind as he lay on his bed; then he wrote the dream down and told the following summary of it.
2Daniel said, “I was looking in my vision by night, and behold, the four winds of heaven were stirring up the great sea.
3And four great beasts were coming up from the sea, different from one another.
4The first was like a lion but had the wings of an eagle. I kept looking until its wings were plucked, and it was lifted up from the ground and set up on two feet like a man; a human mind also was given to it.
5And behold, another beast, a second one, resembling a bear. And it was raised up on one side, and three ribs were in its mouth between its teeth; and they said this to it: ‘Arise, devour much meat!’
6After this I kept looking, and behold, another one, like a leopard, which had on its back four wings of a bird; the beast also had four heads, and dominion was given to it.
7After this I kept looking in the night visions, and behold, a fourth beast, dreadful and terrible, and extremely strong; and it had large iron teeth. It devoured and crushed, and trampled down the remainder with its feet; and it was different from all the beasts that were before it, and it had ten horns.
8While I was thinking about the horns, behold, another horn, a little one, came up among them, and three of the previous horns were plucked out before it; and behold, this horn possessed eyes like human eyes, and a mouth uttering great boasts.
9“I kept looking Until thrones were set up, And the Ancient of Days took His seat; His garment was white as snow, And the hair of His head like pure wool. His throne was ablaze with flames, Its wheels were a burning fire.
10A river of fire was flowing And coming out from before Him; Thousands upon thousands were serving Him, And myriads upon myriads were standing before Him; The court convened, And the books were opened.
11Then I kept looking because of the sound of the boastful words which the horn was speaking; I kept looking until the beast was killed, and its body was destroyed and given to the burning fire.
12As for the rest of the beasts, their dominion was taken away, but an extension of life was granted to them for an appointed period of time.
13“I kept looking in the night visions, And behold, with the clouds of heaven One like a son of man was coming, And He came up to the Ancient of Days And was presented before Him.
14And to Him was given dominion, Honor, and a kingdom, So that all the peoples, nations, and populations of all languages Might serve Him. His dominion is an everlasting dominion Which will not pass away; And His kingdom is one Which will not be destroyed.
15“As for me, Daniel, my spirit was distressed within me, and the visions in my mind kept alarming me.
16I approached one of those who were standing by and began requesting of him the exact meaning of all this. So he told me and made known to me the interpretation of these things:
17‘These great beasts, which are four in number, are four kings who will arise from the earth.
18But the saints of the Highest One will receive the kingdom and take possession of the kingdom forever, for all ages to come.’
19“Then I desired to know the exact meaning of the fourth beast, which was different from all the others, exceedingly dreadful, with its teeth of iron and its claws of bronze, and which devoured, crushed, and trampled down the remainder with its feet,
20and the meaning of the ten horns that were on its head, and the other horn which came up, and before which three of the horns fell, namely, that horn which had eyes and a mouth uttering great boasts, and which was larger in appearance than its associates.
21I kept looking, and that horn was waging war with the saints and prevailing against them,
22until the Ancient of Days came and judgment was passed in favor of the saints of the Highest One, and the time arrived when the saints took possession of the kingdom.
23“This is what he said: ‘The fourth beast will be a fourth kingdom on the earth which will be different from all the other kingdoms, and will devour the whole earth and trample it down and crush it.
24As for the ten horns, out of this kingdom ten kings will arise; and another will arise after them, and he will be different from the previous ones and will humble three kings.
25And he will speak against the Most High and wear down the saints of the Highest One, and he will intend to make alterations in times and in law; and they will be handed over to him for a time, times, and half a time.
26But the court will convene for judgment, and his dominion will be taken away, annihilated and destroyed forever.
27Then the sovereignty, the dominion, and the greatness of all the kingdoms under the whole heaven will be given to the people of the saints of the Highest One; His kingdom will be an everlasting kingdom, and all the empires will serve and obey Him.’
28“At this point the revelation ended. As for me, Daniel, my thoughts were greatly alarming me and my face became pale, but I kept the matter to myself.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Daniel 7.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Daniel's vision of the four beasts. (1-8). and of Christ's kingdom. (9-14). The interpretation. (15-28).
vv1-8
This vision contains the same prophetic representations with Nebuchadnezzar's dream. The great sea agitated by the winds, represented the earth and the dwellers on it troubled by ambitious princes and conquerors. The four beasts signified the same four empires, as the four parts of Nebuchadnezzar's image. Mighty conquerors are but instruments of God's vengeance on a guilty world. The savage beast represents the hateful features of their characters. But the dominion given to each has a limit; their wrath shall be made to praise the Lord, and the remainder of it he will restrain.
vv9-14
These verses are for the comfort and support of the people of God, in reference to the persecutions that would come upon them. Many New Testament predictions of the judgment to come, have plain allusion to this vision; especially Rev. 20:11,12. The Messiah is here called the Son of man; he was made in the likeness of sinful flesh, and was found in fashion as a man, but he is the Son of God. The great event foretold in this passage, is Christ's glorious coming, to destroy every antichristian power, and to render his own kingdom universal upon earth. But ere the solemn time arrives, for manifesting the glory of God to all worlds in his dealings with his creatures, we may expect that the doom of each of us will be determined at the hour of our death; and before the end shall come, the Father will openly give to his incarnate Son, our Mediator and Judge, the inheritance of the nations as his willing subjects.
vv15-28
It is desirable to obtain the right and full sense of what we see and hear from God; and those that would know, must ask by faithful and fervent prayer. The angel told Daniel plainly. He especially desired to know respecting the little horn, which made war with the saints, and prevailed against them. Here is foretold the rage of papal Rome against true Christians. St. John, in his visions and prophecies, which point in the first place at Rome, has plain reference to these visions. Daniel had a joyful prospect of the prevalence of God's kingdom among men. This refers to the second coming of our blessed Lord, when the saints shall triumph in the complete fall of Satan's kingdom. The saints of the Most High shall possess the kingdom for ever. Far be it from us to infer from hence, that dominion is founded on grace. It promises that the gospel kingdom shall be set up; a kingdom of light, holiness, and love; a kingdom of grace, the privileges and comforts of which shall be the earnest and first-fruits of the kingdom of glory. But the full accomplishment will be in the everlasting happiness of the saints, the kingdom that cannot be moved. The gathering together the whole family of God will be a blessedness of Christ's coming.
Key Words
חַד: as card. one; as article single; as an ordinal, first; adverbially, at once
שְׁנָה: {a year (as a revolution of time)}
בֵּלְשַׁאצַּר: {Belshatstsar, a Babylonian king}
מֶלֶךְ: a king
בַּבֶל: {Babel (i.e. Babylon), including Babylonia and the Babylonian empire}
דָּנִיֵּאל: Danijel, the Hebrew prophet
חֲזָא: to gaze upon; mentally to dream, be usual (i.e. seem)
חֵלֶם: a dream
חֵזֵו: a sight
רֵאשׁ: the head; figuratively, the sum
Cross References
Daniel 7John sees a beast rising from the sea with ten horns, combining the animals of Daniel 7.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The final great white throne judgment where the books are opened, mirroring Daniel's court scene.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The strong fourth kingdom that breaks in pieces matches the fourth iron kingdom of Nebuchadnezzar's dream.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The four winds of heaven bringing commotions and scattering nations, used as a prophetic symbol.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The succession of the same four great world empires depicted as different metals in Daniel 2.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
The composite beast of Revelation 13 combines the lion, bear, and leopard characteristics from Daniel 7.
Supported by JFB
Nebuchadnezzar being humbled and made like a beast, then restored to human understanding.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The ram raising itself up on one side parallels the bear raising itself up on one side.
Supported by Matthew Poole
God compares His judgment to a lion, leopard, and bear, the same beasts in Daniel.
Supported by JFB
The ten horns are explicitly identified as ten kings who have not yet received a kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The interpreting angel explains the stout look and blasphemous mouth of the little horn.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The Man of Sin who speaks proud things and exalts himself against God, like the little horn.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The beast is given a mouth speaking great things and blasphemies, echoing Daniel's little horn.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The angel Gabriel announces that Christ will reign over an everlasting kingdom that will not end.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The kingdoms of this world become the kingdoms of our Lord and His Christ forever.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The Medes identified as a fierce, destructive power who do not regard silver or gold.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The great red dragon has ten horns, aligning with Daniel's dreadful fourth beast.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Paul states that the saints shall judge the world, corresponding to the saints possessing the kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The beast is permitted to make war with the saints and to overcome them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Chronologically anchors Daniel's vision in the reign of Belshazzar before his dramatic downfall.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin