Daniel 8NASB
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Daniel8

New American Standard

1In the third year of the reign of Belshazzar the king, a vision appeared to me, Daniel, subsequent to the one which appeared to me previously.

2I looked in the vision, and while I was looking, I was in the citadel of Susa, which is in the province of Elam; and I looked in the vision, and I myself was beside the Ulai Canal.

3Then I raised my eyes and looked, and behold, a ram which had two horns was standing in front of the canal. Now the two horns were long, but one was longer than the other, with the longer one coming up last.

4I saw the ram butting westward, northward, and southward, and no other beasts could stand against him nor was there anyone to rescue from his power, but he did as he pleased and made himself great.

5While I was observing, behold, a male goat was coming from the west over the surface of the entire earth without touching the ground; and the goat had a prominent horn between his eyes.

6He came up to the ram that had the two horns, which I had seen standing in front of the canal, and rushed at him in his mighty wrath.

7And I saw him come up beside the ram, and he was enraged at him; and he struck the ram and smashed his two horns, and the ram had no strength to withstand him. So he hurled him to the ground and trampled on him, and there was no one to rescue the ram from his power.

8Then the male goat made himself exceedingly great. But once he became powerful, the large horn was broken; and in its place four prominent horns came up toward the four winds of heaven.

9And out of one of them came a rather small horn which grew exceedingly great toward the south, toward the east, and toward the Beautiful Land.

10It grew up to the heavenly lights, and some of the lights, that is, some of the stars it threw down to the earth, and it trampled them.

11It even exalted itself to be equal with the Commander of the army; and it removed the regular sacrifice from Him, and the place of His sanctuary was overthrown.

12And because of an offense the army will be given to the horn along with the regular sacrifice; and it will hurl truth to the ground and do as it pleases and be successful.

13Then I heard a holy one speaking, and another holy one said to that particular one who was speaking, “How long will the vision about the regular sacrifice apply, while the offense causes horror, so as to allow both the sanctuary and the army to be trampled?”

14And he said to me, “For 2,300 evenings and mornings; then the sanctuary will be properly restored.”

15When I, Daniel, had seen the vision, I sought to understand it; and behold, standing before me was one who looked like a man.

16And I heard the voice of a man between the banks of Ulai, and he called out and said, “Gabriel, explain the vision to this man.”

17So he came near to where I was standing, and when he came I was frightened and fell on my face; and he said to me, “Son of man, understand that the vision pertains to the time of the end.”

18Now while he was talking with me, I was dazed with my face to the ground; but he touched me and made me stand at my place.

19And he said, “Behold, I am going to inform you of what will occur at the final period of the indignation, because it pertains to the appointed time of the end.

20The ram which you saw with the two horns represents the kings of Media and Persia.

21The shaggy goat represents the kingdom of Greece, and the large horn that is between his eyes is the first king.

22The broken horn and the four horns that came up in its place represent four kingdoms which will arise from his nation, although not with his power.

23And in the latter period of their dominion, When the wrongdoers have run their course, A king will arise, Insolent and skilled in intrigue.

24And his power will be mighty, but not by his own power, And he will destroy to an extraordinary degree And be successful and do as he pleases; He will destroy mighty men and the holy people.

25And through his shrewdness He will make deceit a success by his influence; And he will make himself great in his own mind, And he will destroy many while they are at ease. He will even oppose the Prince of princes, But he will be broken without human agency.

26And the vision of the evenings and mornings Which has been told is true; But as for you, keep the vision secret, Because it pertains to many days in the future.”

27Then I, Daniel, was exhausted and sick for days. Then I got up and carried on the king’s business; but I was astounded at the vision, and there was no one to explain it.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Daniel 8.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Daniel's vision of the ram and the he-goat. (1-14). The interpretation of it. (15-27).

vv1-14

God gives Daniel a foresight of the destruction of other kingdoms, which in their day were as powerful as that of Babylon. Could we foresee the changes that shall be when we are gone, we should be less affected with changes in our own day. The ram with two horns was the second empire, that of Media and Persia. He saw this ram overcome by a he-goat. This was Alexander the Great. Alexander, when about thirty-three years of age, and in his full strength, died, and showed the vanity of worldly pomp and power, and that they cannot make a man happy. While men dispute, as in the case of Alexander, respecting the death of some prosperous warrior, it is plain that the great First Cause of all had no more of his plan for him to execute, and therefore cut him off. Instead of that one great horn, there came up four notable ones, Alexander's four chief captains. A little horn became a great persecutor of the church and people of God. It seems that the Mohammedan delusion is here pointed out. It prospered, and at one time nearly destroyed the holy religion God's right hand had planted. It is just with God to deprive those of the privileges of his house who despise and profane them; and to make those know the worth of ordinances by the want of them, who would not know it by the enjoyment of them. Daniel heard the time of this calamity limited and determined; but not the time when it should come. If we would know the mind of God, we must apply to Christ, in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge; not hid from us, but hid for us. There is much difficulty as to the precise time here stated, but the end of it cannot be very distant. God will, for his own glory, see to the cleansing of the church in due time. Christ died to cleanse his church; and he will so cleanse it as to present it blameless to himself.

vv15-27

The eternal Son of God stood before the prophet in the appearance of a man, and directed the angel Gabriel to explain the vision. Daniel's fainting and astonishment at the prospect of evils he saw coming on his people and the church, confirm the opinion that long-continued calamities were foretold. The vision being ended, a charge was given to Daniel to keep it private for the present. He kept it to himself, and went on to do the duty of his place. As long as we live in this world we must have something to do in it; and even those whom God has most honoured, must not think themselves above their business. Nor must the pleasure of communion with God take us from the duties of our callings, but we must in them abide with God. All who are intrusted with public business must discharge their trust uprightly; and, amidst all doubts and discouragements, they may, if true believers, look forward to a happy issue. Thus should we endeavour to compose our minds for attending to the duties to which each is appointed, in the church and in the world.

Cross References

Daniel 8
v3Daniel 8:20fulfillment

Direct angelic interpretation: the two-horned ram explicitly represents the kings of Media and Persia.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Daniel 8:21fulfillment

The angelic interpreter explicitly identifies the rough he-goat as the king/kingdom of Grecia.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Daniel 8:22fulfillment

Angelic explanation of the four horns that stand up in place of the broken great horn.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Daniel 7:5thematic

The Medo-Persian ram with one horn higher than the other parallel to the lopsided bear.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Daniel 11:3thematic

The description of a mighty king doing according to his will parallels the he-goat's conquests.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Daniel 7:6thematic

The swift Grecian he-goat matches the four-winged leopard of the previous vision.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Daniel 7:8thematic

Distinguishes the 'little horn' arising from Greece here from the Roman 'little horn' in chapter 7.

Supported by JFB

v11Daniel 11:31thematic

Further detail on the taking away of the daily sacrifice and setting up the desolation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Daniel 12:11thematic

Subsequent reference to the taking away of the daily sacrifice and the abomination of desolation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Daniel 9:27thematic

Messianic prophecy relating to the temporary cessation of sacrifice and the overspreading of abominations.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Daniel 8:13thematic

Self-referential question concerning the duration of the sanctuary's desecration and daily sacrifice removal.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Luke 1:19thematic

Identifies the angel Gabriel who is commanded here to make Daniel understand the vision.

Supported by JFB

v16Daniel 9:21thematic

Gabriel's subsequent appearance to Daniel to provide skill and understanding concerning prophecies.

Supported by JFB

v2Ezekiel 1:1thematic

Ezekiel's visionary location by a river parallels Daniel's vision by the river Ulai.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Nehemiah 1:1thematic

Mentions Shushan (Susa) the palace, the historical setting of Daniel's vision.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 29:38-42thematic

The original law establishing the continuous 'daily sacrifice' that the little horn takes away.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v17Habakkuk 2:3thematic

Confirms that the vision is appointed for an end-time fulfillment and will speak.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v18Daniel 10:9thematic

Parallels Daniel falling into a deep sleep on his face upon hearing the voice.

Supported by JFB

v17Ezekiel 2:1thematic

The use of the title 'son of man' addressed to the prophet during heavenly encounters.

Supported by JFB

v25Daniel 2:45thematic

The stone cut out 'without hands' parallels the king being broken 'without hand.'

Supported by JFB