Daniel 8NKJV
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Daniel8

New King James Version

1In the third year of the reign of King Belshazzar a vision appeared to me—to me, Daniel—after the one that appeared to me the first time.

2I saw in the vision, and it so happened while I was looking, that I was in Shushan, the citadel, which is in the province of Elam; and I saw in the vision that I was by the River Ulai.

3Then I lifted my eyes and saw, and there, standing beside the river, was a ram which had two horns, and the two horns were high; but one was higher than the other, and the higher one came up last.

4I saw the ram pushing westward, northward, and southward, so that no animal could withstand him; nor was there any that could deliver from his hand, but he did according to his will and became great.

5And as I was considering, suddenly a male goat came from the west, across the surface of the whole earth, without touching the ground; and the goat had a notable horn between his eyes.

6Then he came to the ram that had two horns, which I had seen standing beside the river, and ran at him with furious power.

7And I saw him confronting the ram; he was moved with rage against him, attacked the ram, and broke his two horns. There was no power in the ram to withstand him, but he cast him down to the ground and trampled him; and there was no one that could deliver the ram from his hand.

8Therefore the male goat grew very great; but when he became strong, the large horn was broken, and in place of it four notable ones came up toward the four winds of heaven.

9And out of one of them came a little horn which grew exceedingly great toward the south, toward the east, and toward the Glorious Land.

10And it grew up to the host of heaven; and it cast down some of the host and some of the stars to the ground, and trampled them.

11He even exalted himself as high as the Prince of the host; and by him the daily sacrifices were taken away, and the place of His sanctuary was cast down.

12Because of transgression, an army was given over to the horn to oppose the daily sacrifices; and he cast truth down to the ground. He did all this and prospered.

13Then I heard a holy one speaking; and another holy one said to that certain one who was speaking, “How long will the vision be, concerning the daily sacrifices and the transgression of desolation, the giving of both the sanctuary and the host to be trampled underfoot?”

14And he said to me, “For two thousand three hundred days; then the sanctuary shall be cleansed.”

15Then it happened, when I, Daniel, had seen the vision and was seeking the meaning, that suddenly there stood before me one having the appearance of a man.

16And I heard a man’s voice between the banks of the Ulai, who called, and said, “Gabriel, make this man understand the vision.”

17So he came near where I stood, and when he came I was afraid and fell on my face; but he said to me, “Understand, son of man, that the vision refers to the time of the end.”

18Now, as he was speaking with me, I was in a deep sleep with my face to the ground; but he touched me, and stood me upright.

19And he said, “Look, I am making known to you what shall happen in the latter time of the indignation; for at the appointed time the end shall be.

20The ram which you saw, having the two horns—they are the kings of Media and Persia.

21And the male goat is the kingdom of Greece. The large horn that is between its eyes is the first king.

22As for the broken horn and the four that stood up in its place, four kingdoms shall arise out of that nation, but not with its power.

23“And in the latter time of their kingdom, When the transgressors have reached their fullness, A king shall arise, Having fierce features, Who understands sinister schemes.

24His power shall be mighty, but not by his own power; He shall destroy fearfully, And shall prosper and thrive; He shall destroy the mighty, and also the holy people.

25“Through his cunning He shall cause deceit to prosper under his rule; And he shall exalt himself in his heart. He shall destroy many in their prosperity. He shall even rise against the Prince of princes; But he shall be broken without human means.

26“And the vision of the evenings and mornings Which was told is true; Therefore seal up the vision, For it refers to many days in the future.”

27And I, Daniel, fainted and was sick for days; afterward I arose and went about the king’s business. I was astonished by the vision, but no one understood it.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Daniel 8.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Daniel's vision of the ram and the he-goat. (1-14). The interpretation of it. (15-27).

vv1-14

God gives Daniel a foresight of the destruction of other kingdoms, which in their day were as powerful as that of Babylon. Could we foresee the changes that shall be when we are gone, we should be less affected with changes in our own day. The ram with two horns was the second empire, that of Media and Persia. He saw this ram overcome by a he-goat. This was Alexander the Great. Alexander, when about thirty-three years of age, and in his full strength, died, and showed the vanity of worldly pomp and power, and that they cannot make a man happy. While men dispute, as in the case of Alexander, respecting the death of some prosperous warrior, it is plain that the great First Cause of all had no more of his plan for him to execute, and therefore cut him off. Instead of that one great horn, there came up four notable ones, Alexander's four chief captains. A little horn became a great persecutor of the church and people of God. It seems that the Mohammedan delusion is here pointed out. It prospered, and at one time nearly destroyed the holy religion God's right hand had planted. It is just with God to deprive those of the privileges of his house who despise and profane them; and to make those know the worth of ordinances by the want of them, who would not know it by the enjoyment of them. Daniel heard the time of this calamity limited and determined; but not the time when it should come. If we would know the mind of God, we must apply to Christ, in whom are hid all the treasures of wisdom and knowledge; not hid from us, but hid for us. There is much difficulty as to the precise time here stated, but the end of it cannot be very distant. God will, for his own glory, see to the cleansing of the church in due time. Christ died to cleanse his church; and he will so cleanse it as to present it blameless to himself.

vv15-27

The eternal Son of God stood before the prophet in the appearance of a man, and directed the angel Gabriel to explain the vision. Daniel's fainting and astonishment at the prospect of evils he saw coming on his people and the church, confirm the opinion that long-continued calamities were foretold. The vision being ended, a charge was given to Daniel to keep it private for the present. He kept it to himself, and went on to do the duty of his place. As long as we live in this world we must have something to do in it; and even those whom God has most honoured, must not think themselves above their business. Nor must the pleasure of communion with God take us from the duties of our callings, but we must in them abide with God. All who are intrusted with public business must discharge their trust uprightly; and, amidst all doubts and discouragements, they may, if true believers, look forward to a happy issue. Thus should we endeavour to compose our minds for attending to the duties to which each is appointed, in the church and in the world.

Cross References

Daniel 8
v3Daniel 8:20fulfillment

Direct angelic interpretation: the two-horned ram explicitly represents the kings of Media and Persia.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Daniel 8:21fulfillment

The angelic interpreter explicitly identifies the rough he-goat as the king/kingdom of Grecia.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Daniel 8:22fulfillment

Angelic explanation of the four horns that stand up in place of the broken great horn.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Daniel 7:5thematic

The Medo-Persian ram with one horn higher than the other parallel to the lopsided bear.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Daniel 11:3thematic

The description of a mighty king doing according to his will parallels the he-goat's conquests.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Daniel 7:6thematic

The swift Grecian he-goat matches the four-winged leopard of the previous vision.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Daniel 7:8thematic

Distinguishes the 'little horn' arising from Greece here from the Roman 'little horn' in chapter 7.

Supported by JFB

v11Daniel 11:31thematic

Further detail on the taking away of the daily sacrifice and setting up the desolation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Daniel 12:11thematic

Subsequent reference to the taking away of the daily sacrifice and the abomination of desolation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Daniel 9:27thematic

Messianic prophecy relating to the temporary cessation of sacrifice and the overspreading of abominations.

Supported by Matthew Henry, John Calvin, JFB

v11Daniel 8:13thematic

Self-referential question concerning the duration of the sanctuary's desecration and daily sacrifice removal.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v16Luke 1:19thematic

Identifies the angel Gabriel who is commanded here to make Daniel understand the vision.

Supported by JFB

v16Daniel 9:21thematic

Gabriel's subsequent appearance to Daniel to provide skill and understanding concerning prophecies.

Supported by JFB

v2Ezekiel 1:1thematic

Ezekiel's visionary location by a river parallels Daniel's vision by the river Ulai.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Nehemiah 1:1thematic

Mentions Shushan (Susa) the palace, the historical setting of Daniel's vision.

Supported by JFB

v11Exodus 29:38-42thematic

The original law establishing the continuous 'daily sacrifice' that the little horn takes away.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v17Habakkuk 2:3thematic

Confirms that the vision is appointed for an end-time fulfillment and will speak.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v18Daniel 10:9thematic

Parallels Daniel falling into a deep sleep on his face upon hearing the voice.

Supported by JFB

v17Ezekiel 2:1thematic

The use of the title 'son of man' addressed to the prophet during heavenly encounters.

Supported by JFB

v25Daniel 2:45thematic

The stone cut out 'without hands' parallels the king being broken 'without hand.'

Supported by JFB