Luke 23ESV
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Luke23

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Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 23.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Christ before Pilate. (1–5). Christ before Herod. (6–12). Barabbas preferred to Christ. (13–25). Christ speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. (26–31). The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor. (32–43). The death of Christ. (44–49). The burial of Christ. (50–56).

vv1-5

Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our Lord's followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the Jews were the more angry. The Lord brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of Jesus, who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.

vv6-12

Herod had heard many things of Jesus in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a miracle for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a miracle only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen Christ and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent Christ again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to God, and contempt of Christ.

vv13-25

The fear of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares Jesus innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered Jesus to their will, to be crucified.

Cross References

Luke 23
v30Hosea 10:8quotation

Direct prophecy of the despairing cry to the mountains: 'Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us'.

Supported by JFB

v46Psalms 31:5quotation

Jesus directly quotes these words: 'into thy hands I commend my spirit'.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v8Luke 13:32thematic

Herod's curiosity to see Jesus is contrasted with his earlier murderous/crafty designs.

Supported by JFB

v33Isaiah 53:12fulfillment

Fulfillment of being numbered/crucified with the transgressors (the two malefactors).

Supported by Matthew Henry

v9Isaiah 53:7fulfillment

Jesus stood before Herod and vehemently accused, but answered him nothing, like a silent lamb.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Acts 4:27fulfillment

Explicit apostolic commentary on the conspiratorial alliance of Herod and Pontius Pilate.

Supported by JFB

v30Revelation 6:16allusion

Eschatological echo of the desperate cry for rocks and mountains to hide from judgment.

Supported by JFB

v31Ezekiel 20:47allusion

Underlying proverb of fire devouring the green tree, showing the severity of God's judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v35Psalms 22:7allusion

The rulers and people derided, laughed Him to scorn, and shook their heads as prophesied.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v36Psalms 69:21fulfillment

Fulfillment of the soldiers offering Him vinegar in mock pity during His thirst.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v44Matthew 27:45thematic

Harmonizes the supernatural darkness from the sixth to the ninth hour across the synoptic accounts.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v18Acts 3:14thematic

Peter's indictment of the crowd for denying the Holy One and desiring a murderer.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v411 Peter 2:22thematic

The thief testifies that Christ did 'nothing amiss'; Peter affirms He did no sin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v43Revelation 2:7thematic

Connects the Lord's promise of 'paradise' to the repentant thief with the Tree of Life.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v53Isaiah 53:9fulfillment

Fulfillment of making His grave with the rich in His death via Joseph of Arimathea.

Supported by Matthew Henry