Luke23
New International Version
1Then the whole assembly rose and led him off to Pilate.
2And they began to accuse him, saying, “We have found this man subverting our nation. He opposes payment of taxes to Caesar and claims to be Messiah, a king.”
3So Pilate asked Jesus, “Are you the king of the Jews?” “You have said so,” Jesus replied.
4Then Pilate announced to the chief priests and the crowd, “I find no basis for a charge against this man.”
5But they insisted, “He stirs up the people all over Judea by his teaching. He started in Galilee and has come all the way here.”
6On hearing this, Pilate asked if the man was a Galilean.
7When he learned that Jesus was under Herod’s jurisdiction, he sent him to Herod, who was also in Jerusalem at that time.
8When Herod saw Jesus, he was greatly pleased, because for a long time he had been wanting to see him. From what he had heard about him, he hoped to see him perform a sign of some sort.
9He plied him with many questions, but Jesus gave him no answer.
10The chief priests and the teachers of the law were standing there, vehemently accusing him.
11Then Herod and his soldiers ridiculed and mocked him. Dressing him in an elegant robe, they sent him back to Pilate.
12That day Herod and Pilate became friends—before this they had been enemies.
13Pilate called together the chief priests, the rulers and the people,
14and said to them, “You brought me this man as one who was inciting the people to rebellion. I have examined him in your presence and have found no basis for your charges against him.
15Neither has Herod, for he sent him back to us; as you can see, he has done nothing to deserve death.
16Therefore, I will punish him and then release him.”
17
18But the whole crowd shouted, “Away with this man! Release Barabbas to us!”
19(Barabbas had been thrown into prison for an insurrection in the city, and for murder.)
20Wanting to release Jesus, Pilate appealed to them again.
21But they kept shouting, “Crucify him! Crucify him!”
22For the third time he spoke to them: “Why? What crime has this man committed? I have found in him no grounds for the death penalty. Therefore I will have him punished and then release him.”
23But with loud shouts they insistently demanded that he be crucified, and their shouts prevailed.
24So Pilate decided to grant their demand.
25He released the man who had been thrown into prison for insurrection and murder, the one they asked for, and surrendered Jesus to their will.
26As the soldiers led him away, they seized Simon from Cyrene, who was on his way in from the country, and put the cross on him and made him carry it behind Jesus.
27A large number of people followed him, including women who mourned and wailed for him.
28Jesus turned and said to them, “Daughters of Jerusalem, do not weep for me; weep for yourselves and for your children.
29For the time will come when you will say, ‘Blessed are the childless women, the wombs that never bore and the breasts that never nursed!’
30Then “‘they will say to the mountains, “Fall on us!” and to the hills, “Cover us!”’
31For if people do these things when the tree is green, what will happen when it is dry?”
32Two other men, both criminals, were also led out with him to be executed.
33When they came to the place called the Skull, they crucified him there, along with the criminals—one on his right, the other on his left.
34Jesus said, “Father, forgive them, for they do not know what they are doing.” And they divided up his clothes by casting lots.
35The people stood watching, and the rulers even sneered at him. They said, “He saved others; let him save himself if he is God’s Messiah, the Chosen One.”
36The soldiers also came up and mocked him. They offered him wine vinegar
37and said, “If you are the king of the Jews, save yourself.”
38There was a written notice above him, which read: this is the king of the jews.
39One of the criminals who hung there hurled insults at him: “Aren’t you the Messiah? Save yourself and us!”
40But the other criminal rebuked him. “Don’t you fear God,” he said, “since you are under the same sentence?
41We are punished justly, for we are getting what our deeds deserve. But this man has done nothing wrong.”
42Then he said, “Jesus, remember me when you come into your kingdom.”
43Jesus answered him, “Truly I tell you, today you will be with me in paradise.”
44It was now about noon, and darkness came over the whole land until three in the afternoon,
45for the sun stopped shining. And the curtain of the temple was torn in two.
46Jesus called out with a loud voice, “Father, into your hands I commit my spirit.” When he had said this, he breathed his last.
47The centurion, seeing what had happened, praised God and said, “Surely this was a righteous man.”
48When all the people who had gathered to witness this sight saw what took place, they beat their breasts and went away.
49But all those who knew him, including the women who had followed him from Galilee, stood at a distance, watching these things.
50Now there was a man named Joseph, a member of the Council, a good and upright man,
51who had not consented to their decision and action. He came from the Judean town of Arimathea, and he himself was waiting for the kingdom of God.
52Going to Pilate, he asked for Jesus’ body.
53Then he took it down, wrapped it in linen cloth and placed it in a tomb cut in the rock, one in which no one had yet been laid.
54It was Preparation Day, and the Sabbath was about to begin.
55The women who had come with Jesus from Galilee followed Joseph and saw the tomb and how his body was laid in it.
56Then they went home and prepared spices and perfumes. But they rested on the Sabbath in obedience to the commandment.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Luke 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Christ before Pilate. (1–5). Christ before Herod. (6–12). Barabbas preferred to Christ. (13–25). Christ speaks of the destruction of Jerusalem. (26–31). The crucifixion, The repentant malefactor. (32–43). The death of Christ. (44–49). The burial of Christ. (50–56).
vv1-5
Pilate well understood the difference between armed forces and our Lord's followers. But instead of being softened by Pilate's declaration of his innocence, and considering whether they were not bringing the guilt of innocent blood upon themselves, the Jews were the more angry. The Lord brings his designs to a glorious end, even by means of those who follow the devices of their own hearts. Thus all parties joined, so as to prove the innocence of Jesus, who was the atoning sacrifice for our sins.
vv6-12
Herod had heard many things of Jesus in Galilee, and out of curiosity longed to see him. The poorest beggar that asked a miracle for the relief of his necessity, was never denied; but this proud prince, who asked for a miracle only to gratify his curiosity, is refused. He might have seen Christ and his wondrous works in Galilee, and would not, therefore it is justly said, Now he would see them, and shall not. Herod sent Christ again to Pilate: the friendships of wicked men are often formed by union in wickedness. They agree in little, except in enmity to God, and contempt of Christ.
vv13-25
The fear of man brings many into this snare, that they will do an unjust thing, against their consciences, rather than get into trouble. Pilate declares Jesus innocent, and has a mind to release him; yet, to please the people, he would punish him as an evil-doer. If no fault be found in him, why chastise him? Pilate yielded at length; he had not courage to go against so strong a stream. He delivered Jesus to their will, to be crucified.
Key Words
καί (kaí): and, also, even, so then, too, etc.; often used in connection (or composition) with other particles or small words
ἅπας (hápas): absolutely all or (singular) every one
πλῆθος (plēthos): a fulness, i.e. a large number, throng, populace
αὐτός (autós): the reflexive pronoun self, used (alone or in the comparative G1438 (ἑαυτοῦ)) of the third person , and (with the proper personal pronoun) of the other persons
ἀνίστημι (anístēmi): to stand up (literal or figurative, transitive or intransitive)
ἄγω (ágō): properly, to lead; by implication, to bring, drive, (reflexively) go, (specially) pass (time), or (figuratively) induce
ἐπί (epí): properly, meaning superimposition (of time, place, order, etc.), as a relation of distribution (with the genitive case), i.e. over, upon, etc.; of rest (with the dative case) at, on, etc.; of direction (with the accusative case) towards, upon, etc.
Πιλᾶτος (Pilâtos): close-pressed, i.e. firm; Pilatus, a Roman
δέ (dé): but, and, etc.
ἄρχομαι (árchomai): to commence (in order of time)
Cross References
Luke 23Direct prophecy of the despairing cry to the mountains: 'Fall on us; and to the hills, Cover us'.
Supported by JFB
Jesus directly quotes these words: 'into thy hands I commend my spirit'.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Herod's curiosity to see Jesus is contrasted with his earlier murderous/crafty designs.
Supported by JFB
Fulfillment of being numbered/crucified with the transgressors (the two malefactors).
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus stood before Herod and vehemently accused, but answered him nothing, like a silent lamb.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Explicit apostolic commentary on the conspiratorial alliance of Herod and Pontius Pilate.
Supported by JFB
Eschatological echo of the desperate cry for rocks and mountains to hide from judgment.
Supported by JFB
Underlying proverb of fire devouring the green tree, showing the severity of God's judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The rulers and people derided, laughed Him to scorn, and shook their heads as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of the soldiers offering Him vinegar in mock pity during His thirst.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Harmonizes the supernatural darkness from the sixth to the ninth hour across the synoptic accounts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Peter's indictment of the crowd for denying the Holy One and desiring a murderer.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The thief testifies that Christ did 'nothing amiss'; Peter affirms He did no sin.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Connects the Lord's promise of 'paradise' to the repentant thief with the Tree of Life.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Fulfillment of making His grave with the rich in His death via Joseph of Arimathea.
Supported by Matthew Henry