Ezekiel 20NIV
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Ezekiel20

New International Version

1In the seventh year, in the fifth month on the tenth day, some of the elders of Israel came to inquire of the Lord, and they sat down in front of me.

2Then the word of the Lord came to me:

3“Son of man, speak to the elders of Israel and say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Have you come to inquire of me? As surely as I live, I will not let you inquire of me, declares the Sovereign Lord.’

4“Will you judge them? Will you judge them, son of man? Then confront them with the detestable practices of their ancestors

5and say to them: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: On the day I chose Israel, I swore with uplifted hand to the descendants of Jacob and revealed myself to them in Egypt. With uplifted hand I said to them, “I am the Lord your God.”

6On that day I swore to them that I would bring them out of Egypt into a land I had searched out for them, a land flowing with milk and honey, the most beautiful of all lands.

7And I said to them, “Each of you, get rid of the vile images you have set your eyes on, and do not defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt. I am the Lord your God.”

8“‘But they rebelled against me and would not listen to me; they did not get rid of the vile images they had set their eyes on, nor did they forsake the idols of Egypt. So I said I would pour out my wrath on them and spend my anger against them in Egypt.

9But for the sake of my name, I brought them out of Egypt. I did it to keep my name from being profaned in the eyes of the nations among whom they lived and in whose sight I had revealed myself to the Israelites.

10Therefore I led them out of Egypt and brought them into the wilderness.

11I gave them my decrees and made known to them my laws, by which the person who obeys them will live.

12Also I gave them my Sabbaths as a sign between us, so they would know that I the Lord made them holy.

13“‘Yet the people of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness. They did not follow my decrees but rejected my laws—by which the person who obeys them will live—and they utterly desecrated my Sabbaths. So I said I would pour out my wrath on them and destroy them in the wilderness.

14But for the sake of my name I did what would keep it from being profaned in the eyes of the nations in whose sight I had brought them out.

15Also with uplifted hand I swore to them in the wilderness that I would not bring them into the land I had given them—a land flowing with milk and honey, the most beautiful of all lands—

16because they rejected my laws and did not follow my decrees and desecrated my Sabbaths. For their hearts were devoted to their idols.

17Yet I looked on them with pity and did not destroy them or put an end to them in the wilderness.

18I said to their children in the wilderness, “Do not follow the statutes of your parents or keep their laws or defile yourselves with their idols.

19I am the Lord your God; follow my decrees and be careful to keep my laws.

20Keep my Sabbaths holy, that they may be a sign between us. Then you will know that I am the Lord your God.”

21“‘But the children rebelled against me: They did not follow my decrees, they were not careful to keep my laws, of which I said, “The person who obeys them will live by them,” and they desecrated my Sabbaths. So I said I would pour out my wrath on them and spend my anger against them in the wilderness.

22But I withheld my hand, and for the sake of my name I did what would keep it from being profaned in the eyes of the nations in whose sight I had brought them out.

23Also with uplifted hand I swore to them in the wilderness that I would disperse them among the nations and scatter them through the countries,

24because they had not obeyed my laws but had rejected my decrees and desecrated my Sabbaths, and their eyes lusted after their parents’ idols.

25So I gave them other statutes that were not good and laws through which they could not live;

26I defiled them through their gifts—the sacrifice of every firstborn—that I might fill them with horror so they would know that I am the Lord.’

27“Therefore, son of man, speak to the people of Israel and say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: In this also your ancestors blasphemed me by being unfaithful to me:

28When I brought them into the land I had sworn to give them and they saw any high hill or any leafy tree, there they offered their sacrifices, made offerings that aroused my anger, presented their fragrant incense and poured out their drink offerings.

29Then I said to them: What is this high place you go to?’” (It is called Bamah to this day.)

30“Therefore say to the Israelites: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Will you defile yourselves the way your ancestors did and lust after their vile images?

31When you offer your gifts—the sacrifice of your children in the fire—you continue to defile yourselves with all your idols to this day. Am I to let you inquire of me, you Israelites? As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, I will not let you inquire of me.

32“‘You say, “We want to be like the nations, like the peoples of the world, who serve wood and stone.” But what you have in mind will never happen.

33As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, I will reign over you with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm and with outpoured wrath.

34I will bring you from the nations and gather you from the countries where you have been scattered—with a mighty hand and an outstretched arm and with outpoured wrath.

35I will bring you into the wilderness of the nations and there, face to face, I will execute judgment upon you.

36As I judged your ancestors in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so I will judge you, declares the Sovereign Lord.

37I will take note of you as you pass under my rod, and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant.

38I will purge you of those who revolt and rebel against me. Although I will bring them out of the land where they are living, yet they will not enter the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am the Lord.

39“‘As for you, people of Israel, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Go and serve your idols, every one of you! But afterward you will surely listen to me and no longer profane my holy name with your gifts and idols.

40For on my holy mountain, the high mountain of Israel, declares the Sovereign Lord, there in the land all the people of Israel will serve me, and there I will accept them. There I will require your offerings and your choice gifts, along with all your holy sacrifices.

41I will accept you as fragrant incense when I bring you out from the nations and gather you from the countries where you have been scattered, and I will be proved holy through you in the sight of the nations.

42Then you will know that I am the Lord, when I bring you into the land of Israel, the land I had sworn with uplifted hand to give to your ancestors.

43There you will remember your conduct and all the actions by which you have defiled yourselves, and you will loathe yourselves for all the evil you have done.

44You will know that I am the Lord, when I deal with you for my name’s sake and not according to your evil ways and your corrupt practices, you people of Israel, declares the Sovereign Lord.’”

45The word of the Lord came to me:

46“Son of man, set your face toward the south; preach against the south and prophesy against the forest of the southland.

47Say to the southern forest: ‘Hear the word of the Lord. This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am about to set fire to you, and it will consume all your trees, both green and dry. The blazing flame will not be quenched, and every face from south to north will be scorched by it.

48Everyone will see that I the Lord have kindled it; it will not be quenched.’”

49Then I said, “Sovereign Lord, they are saying of me, ‘Isn’t he just telling parables?’”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 20.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The elders of Israel are reminded of the idolatry in Egypt. (1-9). In the wilderness. (10-26). In Canaan. (27-32). God promises to pardon and restore them. (33-44). Prophecy against Jerusalem. (45-49).

vv1-9

Those hearts are wretchedly hardened which ask God leave to go on in sin, and that even when suffering for it; see 32. God is justly angry with those who are resolved to go on still in their trespasses. Cause the people to know the evil deeds of their fathers, that they may see how righteous it was with God to cut them off.

vv10-26

The history of Israel in the wilderness is referred to in the new Testament as well as in the Old, for warning. God did great things for them. He gave them the law, and revived the ancient keeping of the sabbath day. Sabbaths are privileges; they are signs of our being his people. If we do the duty of the day, we shall find, to our comfort, it is the Lord that makes us holy, that is, truly happy, here; and prepares us to be happy, that is, perfectly holy, hereafter. The Israelites rebelled, and were left to the judgments they brought upon themselves. God sometimes makes sin to be its own punishment, yet he is not the Author of sin: there needs no more to make men miserable, than to give them up to their own evil desires and passions.

vv27-32

The Jews persisted in rebellion after they settled in the land of Canaan. And these elders seem to have thought of uniting with the heathen. We make nothing by our profession if it be but a profession. There is nothing got by sinful compliances; and the carnal projects of hypocrites will stand them in no stead.

Cross References

Ezekiel 20
v11Leviticus 18:5quotation

Directly quoted: 'which if a man do, he shall even live in them' regarding God's laws.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v5Exodus 6:8allusion

The lifting up of God's hand in oath to bring Israel out of Egypt.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v7Joshua 24:14thematic

Explicitly historical confirmation of Israel's idolatry and worship of false gods in Egypt.

Supported by JFB

v11Romans 10:5allusion

Paul cites this exact levitical promise of life through law-keeping to contrast law and gospel.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v12Exodus 31:13-17allusion

The foundational Pentateuchal designation of the Sabbath as a perpetual sign of sanctification.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v25Romans 1:24-28thematic

Parallels God giving sinners up to their own destructive, self-punishing statutes and desires.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v3Ezekiel 14:3thematic

Parallels God's refusal to be enquired of by elders who harbor idols in their hearts.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Pentateuchal origin of the anthropomorphic gesture 'lift up my hand' as a solemn divine oath.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Psalms 106:8thematic

Historical psalm confirming God saved Israel for His name's sake to make His power known.

Supported by JFB

v15Numbers 14:23-30thematic

The historical account of God swearing that the rebellious generation would not enter Canaan.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v37Leviticus 27:32allusion

The imagery of passing 'under the rod' refers to covenant selection and tithing of sheep.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v43Ezekiel 16:61-63thematic

Parallels the deep self-loathing and shame felt by restored Israel upon remembering their sins.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v46Ezekiel 21:2thematic

Ezekiel clarifies the geographic direction 'south' as a direct prophecy against Jerusalem's sanctuaries.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v25Psalms 81:12thematic

Parallels God giving Israel up to their own hearts' lusts and bad choices.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v262 Kings 17:17thematic

Historical record of Israel causing children to pass through fire, described here as self-defilement.

Supported by JFB

v33Jeremiah 21:5thematic

Parallels God's outstretched hand and poured out fury, but reversed here as kingly rule.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v35Micah 6:2thematic

Prophetic parallel of Yahweh entering into a formal legal controversy ('pleading') with His people.

Supported by John Calvin

v47Jeremiah 17:27thematic

Jeremiah's warning of unquenchable fire devouring Jerusalem's palaces mirrors Ezekiel's southern forest fire.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v47Luke 23:31allusion

Jesus uses the same proverbial dry vs. green tree imagery during His march to Calvary.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v49John 16:25thematic

Reflects on the people's dismissive complaint that the prophet speaks only in obscure parables.

Supported by John Calvin