Ezekiel20
World English Bible · Public Domain
1In the seventh year, in the fifth month, the tenth day of the month, some of the elders of Israel came to inquire of Yahweh, and sat before me.
2Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,
3“Son of man, speak to the elders of Israel, and tell them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Is it to inquire of me that you have come? As I live,” says the Lord Yahweh, “I will not be inquired of by you.”’
4“Will you judge them, son of man? Will you judge them? Cause them to know the abominations of their fathers.
5Tell them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “In the day when I chose Israel, and swore to the offspring of the house of Jacob, and made myself known to them in the land of Egypt, when I swore to them, saying, ‘I am Yahweh your God;’
6in that day I swore to them to bring them out of the land of Egypt into a land that I had searched out for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands.
7I said to them, ‘Each of you throw away the abominations of his eyes. Don’t defile yourselves with the idols of Egypt. I am Yahweh your God.’
8“‘“But they rebelled against me and wouldn’t listen to me. They didn’t all throw away the abominations of their eyes. They also didn’t forsake the idols of Egypt. Then I said I would pour out my wrath on them, to accomplish my anger against them in the middle of the land of Egypt.
9But I worked for my name’s sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations among which they were, in whose sight I made myself known to them in bringing them out of the land of Egypt.
10So I caused them to go out of the land of Egypt and brought them into the wilderness.
11I gave them my statutes and showed them my ordinances, which if a man does, he will live in them.
12Moreover also I gave them my Sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am Yahweh who sanctifies them.
13“‘“But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness. They didn’t walk in my statutes and they rejected my ordinances, which if a man keeps, he shall live in them. They greatly profaned my Sabbaths. Then I said I would pour out my wrath on them in the wilderness, to consume them.
14But I worked for my name’s sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I brought them out.
15Moreover also I swore to them in the wilderness that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands,
16because they rejected my ordinances, and didn’t walk in my statutes, and profaned my Sabbaths; for their heart went after their idols.
17Nevertheless my eye spared them, and I didn’t destroy them. I didn’t make a full end of them in the wilderness.
18I said to their children in the wilderness, ‘Don’t walk in the statutes of your fathers. Don’t observe their ordinances or defile yourselves with their idols.
19I am Yahweh your God. Walk in my statutes, keep my ordinances, and do them.
20Make my Sabbaths holy. They shall be a sign between me and you, that you may know that I am Yahweh your God.’
21“‘“But the children rebelled against me. They didn’t walk in my statutes, and didn’t keep my ordinances to do them, which if a man does, he shall live in them. They profaned my Sabbaths. Then I said I would pour out my wrath on them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness.
22Nevertheless I withdrew my hand and worked for my name’s sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I brought them out.
23Moreover I swore to them in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the nations and disperse them through the countries,
24because they had not executed my ordinances, but had rejected my statutes, and had profaned my Sabbaths, and their eyes were after their fathers’ idols.
25Moreover also I gave them statutes that were not good, and ordinances in which they couldn’t live.
26I polluted them in their own gifts, in that they caused all that opens the womb to pass through the fire, that I might make them desolate, to the end that they might know that I am Yahweh.”’
27“Therefore, son of man, speak to the house of Israel, and tell them, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Moreover, in this your fathers have blasphemed me, in that they have committed a trespass against me.
28For when I had brought them into the land which I swore to give to them, then they saw every high hill and every thick tree, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocation of their offering. There they also made their pleasant aroma, and there they poured out their drink offerings.
29Then I said to them, ‘What does the high place where you go mean?’ So its name is called Bamah to this day.”’
30“Therefore tell the house of Israel, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Do you pollute yourselves in the way of your fathers? Do you play the prostitute after their abominations?
31When you offer your gifts, when you make your sons pass through the fire, do you pollute yourselves with all your idols to this day? Should I be inquired of by you, house of Israel? As I live, says the Lord Yahweh, I will not be inquired of by you!
32“‘“That which comes into your mind will not be at all, in that you say, ‘We will be as the nations, as the families of the countries, to serve wood and stone.’
33As I live,” says the Lord Yahweh, “surely with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm, and with wrath poured out, I will be king over you.
34I will bring you out from the peoples, and will gather you out of the countries in which you are scattered with a mighty hand, with an outstretched arm, and with wrath poured out.
35I will bring you into the wilderness of the peoples, and there I will enter into judgment with you face to face.
36Just as I entered into judgment with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so I will enter into judgment with you,” says the Lord Yahweh.
37“I will cause you to pass under the rod, and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant.
38I will purge out from among you the rebels and those who disobey me. I will bring them out of the land where they live, but they shall not enter into the land of Israel. Then you will know that I am Yahweh.”
39“‘As for you, house of Israel, the Lord Yahweh says: “Go, everyone serve his idols, and hereafter also, if you will not listen to me; but you shall no more profane my holy name with your gifts and with your idols.
40For in my holy mountain, in the mountain of the height of Israel,” says the Lord Yahweh, “there all the house of Israel, all of them, shall serve me in the land. There I will accept them, and there I will require your offerings and the first fruits of your offerings, with all your holy things.
41I will accept you as a pleasant aroma when I bring you out from the peoples and gather you out of the countries in which you have been scattered. I will be sanctified in you in the sight of the nations.
42You will know that I am Yahweh when I bring you into the land of Israel, into the country which I swore to give to your fathers.
43There you will remember your ways, and all your deeds in which you have polluted yourselves. Then you will loathe yourselves in your own sight for all your evils that you have committed.
44You will know that I am Yahweh, when I have dealt with you for my name’s sake, not according to your evil ways, nor according to your corrupt doings, you house of Israel,” says the Lord Yahweh.’”
45Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,
46“Son of man, set your face toward the south, and preach toward the south, and prophesy against the forest of the field in the south.
47Tell the forest of the south, ‘Hear Yahweh’s word: The Lord Yahweh says, “Behold, I will kindle a fire in you, and it will devour every green tree in you, and every dry tree. The burning flame will not be quenched, and all faces from the south to the north will be burned by it.
48All flesh will see that I, Yahweh, have kindled it. It will not be quenched.”’”
49Then I said, “Ah Lord Yahweh! They say of me, ‘Isn’t he a speaker of parables?’”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The elders of Israel are reminded of the idolatry in Egypt. (1-9). In the wilderness. (10-26). In Canaan. (27-32). God promises to pardon and restore them. (33-44). Prophecy against Jerusalem. (45-49).
vv1-9
Those hearts are wretchedly hardened which ask God leave to go on in sin, and that even when suffering for it; see 32. God is justly angry with those who are resolved to go on still in their trespasses. Cause the people to know the evil deeds of their fathers, that they may see how righteous it was with God to cut them off.
vv10-26
The history of Israel in the wilderness is referred to in the new Testament as well as in the Old, for warning. God did great things for them. He gave them the law, and revived the ancient keeping of the sabbath day. Sabbaths are privileges; they are signs of our being his people. If we do the duty of the day, we shall find, to our comfort, it is the Lord that makes us holy, that is, truly happy, here; and prepares us to be happy, that is, perfectly holy, hereafter. The Israelites rebelled, and were left to the judgments they brought upon themselves. God sometimes makes sin to be its own punishment, yet he is not the Author of sin: there needs no more to make men miserable, than to give them up to their own evil desires and passions.
vv27-32
The Jews persisted in rebellion after they settled in the land of Canaan. And these elders seem to have thought of uniting with the heathen. We make nothing by our profession if it be but a profession. There is nothing got by sinful compliances; and the carnal projects of hypocrites will stand them in no stead.
Key Words
שְׁבִיעִי: seventh
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
חֲמִישִׁי: fifth; also a fifth
עָשׂוֹר: ten; by abbreviated form ten strings, and so a decachord
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
זָקֵן: old
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
דָּרַשׁ: properly, to tread or frequent; usually to follow (for pursuit or search); by implication, to seek or ask; specifically to worship
Cross References
Ezekiel 20Directly quoted: 'which if a man do, he shall even live in them' regarding God's laws.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The lifting up of God's hand in oath to bring Israel out of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicitly historical confirmation of Israel's idolatry and worship of false gods in Egypt.
Supported by JFB
Paul cites this exact levitical promise of life through law-keeping to contrast law and gospel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The foundational Pentateuchal designation of the Sabbath as a perpetual sign of sanctification.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels God giving sinners up to their own destructive, self-punishing statutes and desires.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels God's refusal to be enquired of by elders who harbor idols in their hearts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Pentateuchal origin of the anthropomorphic gesture 'lift up my hand' as a solemn divine oath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical psalm confirming God saved Israel for His name's sake to make His power known.
Supported by JFB
The historical account of God swearing that the rebellious generation would not enter Canaan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The imagery of passing 'under the rod' refers to covenant selection and tithing of sheep.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the deep self-loathing and shame felt by restored Israel upon remembering their sins.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ezekiel clarifies the geographic direction 'south' as a direct prophecy against Jerusalem's sanctuaries.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels God giving Israel up to their own hearts' lusts and bad choices.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Historical record of Israel causing children to pass through fire, described here as self-defilement.
Supported by JFB
Parallels God's outstretched hand and poured out fury, but reversed here as kingly rule.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic parallel of Yahweh entering into a formal legal controversy ('pleading') with His people.
Supported by John Calvin
Jeremiah's warning of unquenchable fire devouring Jerusalem's palaces mirrors Ezekiel's southern forest fire.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus uses the same proverbial dry vs. green tree imagery during His march to Calvary.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects on the people's dismissive complaint that the prophet speaks only in obscure parables.
Supported by John Calvin