Ezekiel20
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1And it came to pass in the seventh year, in the fifth month, the tenth day of the month, that certain of the elders of Israel came to inquire of Jehovah, and sat before me.
2And the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying,
3Son of man, speak unto the elders of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Is it to inquire of me that ye are come? As I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, I will not be inquired of by you.
4Wilt thou judge them, son of man, wilt thou judge them? Cause them to know the abominations of their fathers;
5and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: In the day when I chose Israel, and sware unto the seed of the house of Jacob, and made myself known unto them in the land of Egypt, when I sware unto them, saying, I am Jehovah your God;
6in that day I sware unto them, to bring them forth out of the land of Egypt into a land that I had searched out for them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands.
7And I said unto them, Cast ye away every man the abominations of his eyes, and defile not yourselves with the idols of Egypt; I am Jehovah your God.
8But they rebelled against me, and would not hearken unto me; they did not every man cast away the abominations of their eyes, neither did they forsake the idols of Egypt. Then I said I would pour out my wrath upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the midst of the land of Egypt.
9But I wrought for my name’s sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, among which they were, in whose sight I made myself known unto them, in bringing them forth out of the land of Egypt.
10So I caused them to go forth out of the land of Egypt, and brought them into the wilderness.
11And I gave them my statutes, and showed them mine ordinances, which if a man do, he shall live in them.
12Moreover also I gave them my sabbaths, to be a sign between me and them, that they might know that I am Jehovah that sanctifieth them.
13But the house of Israel rebelled against me in the wilderness: they walked not in my statutes, and they rejected mine ordinances, which if a man keep, he shall live in them; and my sabbaths they greatly profaned. Then I said I would pour out my wrath upon them in the wilderness, to consume them.
14But I wrought for my name’s sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I brought them out.
15Moreover also I sware unto them in the wilderness, that I would not bring them into the land which I had given them, flowing with milk and honey, which is the glory of all lands;
16because they rejected mine ordinances, and walked not in my statutes, and profaned my sabbaths: for their heart went after their idols.
17Nevertheless mine eye spared them, and I destroyed them not, neither did I make a full end of them in the wilderness.
18And I said unto their children in the wilderness, Walk ye not in the statutes of your fathers, neither observe their ordinances, nor defile yourselves with their idols.
19I am Jehovah your God: walk in my statutes, and keep mine ordinances, and do them;
20and hallow my sabbaths; and they shall be a sign between me and you, that ye may know that I am Jehovah your God.
21But the children rebelled against me; they walked not in my statutes, neither kept mine ordinances to do them, which if a man do, he shall live in them; they profaned my sabbaths. Then I said I would pour out my wrath upon them, to accomplish my anger against them in the wilderness.
22Nevertheless I withdrew my hand, and wrought for my name’s sake, that it should not be profaned in the sight of the nations, in whose sight I brought them forth.
23Moreover I sware unto them in the wilderness, that I would scatter them among the nations, and disperse them through the countries;
24because they had not executed mine ordinances, but had rejected my statutes, and had profaned my sabbaths, and their eyes were after their fathers’ idols.
25Moreover also I gave them statutes that were not good, and ordinances wherein they should not live;
26and I polluted them in their own gifts, in that they caused to pass through the fire all that openeth the womb, that I might make them desolate, to the end that they might know that I am Jehovah.
27Therefore, son of man, speak unto the house of Israel, and say unto them, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: In this moreover have your fathers blasphemed me, in that they have committed a trespass against me.
28For when I had brought them into the land, which I sware to give unto them, then they saw every high hill, and every thick tree, and they offered there their sacrifices, and there they presented the provocation of their offering; there also they made their sweet savor, and they poured out there their drink-offerings.
29Then I said unto them, What meaneth the high place whereunto ye go? So the name thereof is called Bamah unto this day.
30Wherefore say unto the house of Israel, Thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Do ye pollute yourselves after the manner of your fathers? and play ye the harlot after their abominations?
31and when ye offer your gifts, when ye make your sons to pass through the fire, do ye pollute yourselves with all your idols unto this day? and shall I be inquired of by you, O house of Israel? As I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, I will not be inquired of by you;
32and that which cometh into your mind shall not be at all, in that ye say, We will be as the nations, as the families of the countries, to serve wood and stone.
33As I live, saith the Lord Jehovah, surely with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with wrath poured out, will I be king over you.
34And I will bring you out from the peoples, and will gather you out of the countries wherein ye are scattered, with a mighty hand, and with an outstretched arm, and with wrath poured out;
35and I will bring you into the wilderness of the peoples, and there will I enter into judgment with you face to face.
36Like as I entered into judgment with your fathers in the wilderness of the land of Egypt, so will I enter into judgment with you, saith the Lord Jehovah.
37And I will cause you to pass under the rod, and I will bring you into the bond of the covenant;
38and I will purge out from among you the rebels, and them that transgress against me; I will bring them forth out of the land where they sojourn, but they shall not enter into the land of Israel: and ye shall know that I am Jehovah.
39As for you, O house of Israel, thus saith the Lord Jehovah: Go ye, serve every one his idols, and hereafter also, if ye will not hearken unto me; but my holy name shall ye no more profane with your gifts, and with your idols.
40For in my holy mountain, in the mountain of the height of Israel, saith the Lord Jehovah, there shall all the house of Israel, all of them, serve me in the land: there will I accept them, and there will I require your offerings, and the first-fruits of your oblations, with all your holy things.
41As a sweet savor will I accept you, when I bring you out from the peoples, and gather you out of the countries wherein ye have been scattered; and I will be sanctified in you in the sight of the nations.
42And ye shall know that I am Jehovah, when I shall bring you into the land of Israel, into the country which I sware to give unto your fathers.
43And there shall ye remember your ways, and all your doings, wherein ye have polluted yourselves; and ye shall loathe yourselves in your own sight for all your evils that ye have committed.
44And ye shall know that I am Jehovah, when I have dealt with you for my name’s sake, not according to your evil ways, nor according to your corrupt doings, O ye house of Israel, saith the Lord Jehovah.
45And the word of Jehovah came unto me, saying,
46Son of man, set thy face toward the south, and drop thy word toward the south, and prophesy against the forest of the field in the South;
47and say to the forest of the South, Hear the word of Jehovah: Thus saith the Lord Jehovah, Behold, I will kindle a fire in thee, and it shall devour every green tree in thee, and every dry tree: the flaming flame shall not be quenched, and all faces from the south to the north shall be burnt thereby.
48And all flesh shall see that I, Jehovah, have kindled it; it shall not be quenched.
49Then said I, Ah Lord Jehovah! they say of me, Is he not a speaker of parables?
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The elders of Israel are reminded of the idolatry in Egypt. (1-9). In the wilderness. (10-26). In Canaan. (27-32). God promises to pardon and restore them. (33-44). Prophecy against Jerusalem. (45-49).
vv1-9
Those hearts are wretchedly hardened which ask God leave to go on in sin, and that even when suffering for it; see 32. God is justly angry with those who are resolved to go on still in their trespasses. Cause the people to know the evil deeds of their fathers, that they may see how righteous it was with God to cut them off.
vv10-26
The history of Israel in the wilderness is referred to in the new Testament as well as in the Old, for warning. God did great things for them. He gave them the law, and revived the ancient keeping of the sabbath day. Sabbaths are privileges; they are signs of our being his people. If we do the duty of the day, we shall find, to our comfort, it is the Lord that makes us holy, that is, truly happy, here; and prepares us to be happy, that is, perfectly holy, hereafter. The Israelites rebelled, and were left to the judgments they brought upon themselves. God sometimes makes sin to be its own punishment, yet he is not the Author of sin: there needs no more to make men miserable, than to give them up to their own evil desires and passions.
vv27-32
The Jews persisted in rebellion after they settled in the land of Canaan. And these elders seem to have thought of uniting with the heathen. We make nothing by our profession if it be but a profession. There is nothing got by sinful compliances; and the carnal projects of hypocrites will stand them in no stead.
Key Words
שְׁבִיעִי: seventh
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
חֲמִישִׁי: fifth; also a fifth
עָשׂוֹר: ten; by abbreviated form ten strings, and so a decachord
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
אֱנוֹשׁ: a man in general (singly or collectively)
זָקֵן: old
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
בּוֹא: to go or come (in a wide variety of applications)
דָּרַשׁ: properly, to tread or frequent; usually to follow (for pursuit or search); by implication, to seek or ask; specifically to worship
Cross References
Ezekiel 20Directly quoted: 'which if a man do, he shall even live in them' regarding God's laws.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The lifting up of God's hand in oath to bring Israel out of Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Explicitly historical confirmation of Israel's idolatry and worship of false gods in Egypt.
Supported by JFB
Paul cites this exact levitical promise of life through law-keeping to contrast law and gospel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The foundational Pentateuchal designation of the Sabbath as a perpetual sign of sanctification.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Parallels God giving sinners up to their own destructive, self-punishing statutes and desires.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels God's refusal to be enquired of by elders who harbor idols in their hearts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Pentateuchal origin of the anthropomorphic gesture 'lift up my hand' as a solemn divine oath.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical psalm confirming God saved Israel for His name's sake to make His power known.
Supported by JFB
The historical account of God swearing that the rebellious generation would not enter Canaan.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The imagery of passing 'under the rod' refers to covenant selection and tithing of sheep.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the deep self-loathing and shame felt by restored Israel upon remembering their sins.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ezekiel clarifies the geographic direction 'south' as a direct prophecy against Jerusalem's sanctuaries.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels God giving Israel up to their own hearts' lusts and bad choices.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Historical record of Israel causing children to pass through fire, described here as self-defilement.
Supported by JFB
Parallels God's outstretched hand and poured out fury, but reversed here as kingly rule.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic parallel of Yahweh entering into a formal legal controversy ('pleading') with His people.
Supported by John Calvin
Jeremiah's warning of unquenchable fire devouring Jerusalem's palaces mirrors Ezekiel's southern forest fire.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Jesus uses the same proverbial dry vs. green tree imagery during His march to Calvary.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reflects on the people's dismissive complaint that the prophet speaks only in obscure parables.
Supported by John Calvin