John16
New International Version
1“All this I have told you so that you will not fall away.
2They will put you out of the synagogue; in fact, the time is coming when anyone who kills you will think they are offering a service to God.
3They will do such things because they have not known the Father or me.
4I have told you this, so that when their time comes you will remember that I warned you about them. I did not tell you this from the beginning because I was with you,
5but now I am going to him who sent me. None of you asks me, ‘Where are you going?’
6Rather, you are filled with grief because I have said these things.
7But very truly I tell you, it is for your good that I am going away. Unless I go away, the Advocate will not come to you; but if I go, I will send him to you.
8When he comes, he will prove the world to be in the wrong about sin and righteousness and judgment:
9about sin, because people do not believe in me;
10about righteousness, because I am going to the Father, where you can see me no longer;
11and about judgment, because the prince of this world now stands condemned.
12“I have much more to say to you, more than you can now bear.
13But when he, the Spirit of truth, comes, he will guide you into all the truth. He will not speak on his own; he will speak only what he hears, and he will tell you what is yet to come.
14He will glorify me because it is from me that he will receive what he will make known to you.
15All that belongs to the Father is mine. That is why I said the Spirit will receive from me what he will make known to you.”
16Jesus went on to say, “In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see me.”
17At this, some of his disciples said to one another, “What does he mean by saying, ‘In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see me,’ and ‘Because I am going to the Father’?”
18They kept asking, “What does he mean by ‘a little while’? We don’t understand what he is saying.”
19Jesus saw that they wanted to ask him about this, so he said to them, “Are you asking one another what I meant when I said, ‘In a little while you will see me no more, and then after a little while you will see me’?
20Very truly I tell you, you will weep and mourn while the world rejoices. You will grieve, but your grief will turn to joy.
21A woman giving birth to a child has pain because her time has come; but when her baby is born she forgets the anguish because of her joy that a child is born into the world.
22So with you: Now is your time of grief, but I will see you again and you will rejoice, and no one will take away your joy.
23In that day you will no longer ask me anything. Very truly I tell you, my Father will give you whatever you ask in my name.
24Until now you have not asked for anything in my name. Ask and you will receive, and your joy will be complete.
25“Though I have been speaking figuratively, a time is coming when I will no longer use this kind of language but will tell you plainly about my Father.
26In that day you will ask in my name. I am not saying that I will ask the Father on your behalf.
27No, the Father himself loves you because you have loved me and have believed that I came from God.
28I came from the Father and entered the world; now I am leaving the world and going back to the Father.”
29Then Jesus’ disciples said, “Now you are speaking clearly and without figures of speech.
30Now we can see that you know all things and that you do not even need to have anyone ask you questions. This makes us believe that you came from God.”
31“Do you now believe?” Jesus replied.
32“A time is coming and in fact has come when you will be scattered, each to your own home. You will leave me all alone. Yet I am not alone, for my Father is with me.
33“I have told you these things, so that in me you may have peace. In this world you will have trouble. But take heart! I have overcome the world.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for John 16.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Persecution foretold. (1–6). The promise of the Holy Spirit, and his office. (7–15). Christ's departure and return. (16–22). Encouragement to prayer. (23–27). Christ's discoveries of himself. (28–33).
vv1-6
Our Lord Jesus, by giving his disciples notice of trouble, designed that the terror might not be a surprise to them. It is possible for those who are real enemies to God's service, to pretend zeal for it. This does not lessen the sin of the persecutors; villanies will never be changed by putting the name of God to them. As Jesus in his sufferings, so his followers in theirs, should look to the fulfilling of Scripture. He did not tell them sooner, because he was with them to teach, guide, and comfort them; they needed not then this promise of the Holy Spirit's presence. It will silence us to ask, Whence troubles come? It will satisfy us to ask, Whither go they? for we know they work for good. It is the common fault and folly of melancholy Christians to look only on the dark side of the cloud, and to turn a deaf ear to the voice of joy and gladness. That which filled the disciples' hearts with sorrow, was too great affection for this present life. Nothing more hinders our joy in God, than the love of the world, and the sorrow of the world which comes from it.
vv7-15
Christ's departure was necessary to the Comforter's coming. Sending the Spirit was to be the fruit of Christ's death, which was his going away. His bodily presence could be only in one place at one time, but his Spirit is every where, in all places, at all times, wherever two or three are gathered together in his name. See here the office of the Spirit, first to reprove, or to convince. Convincing work is the Spirit's work; he can do it effectually, and none but he. It is the method the Holy Spirit takes, first to convince, and then to comfort. The Spirit shall convince the world, of sin; not merely tell them of it. The Spirit convinces of the fact of sin; of the fault of sin; of the folly of sin; of the filth of sin, that by it we are become hateful to God; of the fountain of sin, the corrupt nature; and lastly, of the fruit of sin, that the end thereof is death. The Holy Spirit proves that all the world is guilty before God. He convinces the world of righteousness; that Jesus of Nazareth was Christ the righteous. Also, of Christ's righteousness, imparted to us for justification and salvation. He will show them where it is to be had, and how they may be accepted as righteous in God's sight. Christ's ascension proves the ransom was accepted, and the righteousness finished, through which believers were to be justified. Of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged. All will be well, when his power is broken, who made all the mischief. As Satan is subdued by Christ, this gives us confidence, for no other power can stand before him. And of the day of judgment. The coming of the Spirit would be of unspeakable advantage to the disciples. The Holy Spirit is our Guide, not only to show us the way, but to go with us by continued aids and influences. To be led into a truth is more than barely to know it; it is not only to have the notion of it in our heads, but the relish, and savour, and power of it in our hearts. He shall teach all truth, and keep back nothing profitable, for he will show things to come. All the gifts and graces of the Spirit, all the preaching, and all the writing of the apostles, under the influence of the Spirit, all the tongues, and miracles, were to glorify Christ. It behoves every one to ask, whether the Holy Spirit has begun a good work in his heart? Without clear discovery of our guilt and danger, we never shall understand the value of Christ's salvation; but when brought to know ourselves aright, we begin to see the value of the Redeemer. We should have fuller views of the Redeemer, and more lively affections to him, if we more prayed for, and depended on the Holy Spirit.
vv16-22
It is good to consider how near our seasons of grace are to an end, that we may be quickened to improve them. But the sorrows of the disciples would soon be turned into joy; as those of a mother, at the sight of her infant. The Holy Spirit would be their Comforter, and neither men nor devils, neither sufferings in life nor in death, would ever deprive them of their joy. Believers have joy or sorrow, according to their sight of Christ, and the tokens of his presence. Sorrow is coming on the ungodly, which nothing can lessen; the believer is an heir to joy which no one can take away. Where now is the joy of the murderers of our Lord, and the sorrow of his friends?
Key Words
λαλέω (laléō): to talk, i.e. utter words
ταῦτα (taûta): these things
ὑμῖν (hymîn): to (with or by) you
ἵνα μή (hína mḗ): in order (or so) that not
σκανδαλίζω (skandalízō): to entrap, i.e. trip up (figuratively, stumble (transitively) or entice to sin, apostasy or displeasure)
ποιέω (poiéō): to make or do (in a very wide application, more or less direct)
ὑμᾶς (hymâs): you (as the objective of a verb or preposition)
ἀποσυνάγωγος (aposynágōgos): excommunicated
ἀλλά (allá): properly, other things, i.e. (adverbially) contrariwise (in many relations)
ὥρα (hṓra): an "hour" (literally or figuratively)
Cross References
John 16Exaltation of Christ to the Father's right hand as the ultimate proof and seal of justifying righteousness.
Supported by JFB
Reinforces the promise and agency of Christ sending the Comforter (Spirit of truth) from the Father.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Direct parallel showing the judgment and casting out of the prince of this world through Christ's death.
Supported by JFB
Provides historical precedent in John's Gospel for being put out of the synagogue for confessing Christ.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Saul of Tarsus exemplifying those who kill Christians believing they are performing service to God.
Supported by JFB
Grounds the world's persecution in their ignorance of both Jesus and the Father who sent Him.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic background of the shepherd being smitten and the sheep/disciples being scattered to their own.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the theological necessity of Jesus being glorified before the Holy Spirit could be given.
Supported by JFB
The Old Testament prophetic basis for the Righteous Servant justifying many by bearing their iniquities.
Supported by JFB
Describes the teaching ministry of the Holy Spirit, who guides and brings all things to remembrance.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Verbal parallel regarding the privilege and promise of asking the Father in Christ's name.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Parallels the disciples' confession of believing that Jesus came forth from God.
Supported by John Calvin
Links Christ's gift of peace with the overcoming of worldly tribulation and sorrow.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Historical demonstration of the Spirit's reproving/convincing work, pricking hearts on the day of Pentecost.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Theological exposition of how Christ's death destroyed him who had the power of death (Satan).
Supported by JFB