Leviticus27
New International Version
1The Lord said to Moses,
2“Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘If anyone makes a special vow to dedicate a person to the Lord by giving the equivalent value,
3set the value of a male between the ages of twenty and sixty at fifty shekels of silver, according to the sanctuary shekel;
4for a female, set her value at thirty shekels;
5for a person between the ages of five and twenty, set the value of a male at twenty shekels and of a female at ten shekels;
6for a person between one month and five years, set the value of a male at five shekels of silver and that of a female at three shekels of silver;
7for a person sixty years old or more, set the value of a male at fifteen shekels and of a female at ten shekels.
8If anyone making the vow is too poor to pay the specified amount, the person being dedicated is to be presented to the priest, who will set the value according to what the one making the vow can afford.
9“‘If what they vowed is an animal that is acceptable as an offering to the Lord, such an animal given to the Lord becomes holy.
10They must not exchange it or substitute a good one for a bad one, or a bad one for a good one; if they should substitute one animal for another, both it and the substitute become holy.
11If what they vowed is a ceremonially unclean animal—one that is not acceptable as an offering to the Lord—the animal must be presented to the priest,
12who will judge its quality as good or bad. Whatever value the priest then sets, that is what it will be.
13If the owner wishes to redeem the animal, a fifth must be added to its value.
14“‘If anyone dedicates their house as something holy to the Lord, the priest will judge its quality as good or bad. Whatever value the priest then sets, so it will remain.
15If the one who dedicates their house wishes to redeem it, they must add a fifth to its value, and the house will again become theirs.
16“‘If anyone dedicates to the Lord part of their family land, its value is to be set according to the amount of seed required for it—fifty shekels of silver to a homer of barley seed.
17If they dedicate a field during the Year of Jubilee, the value that has been set remains.
18But if they dedicate a field after the Jubilee, the priest will determine the value according to the number of years that remain until the next Year of Jubilee, and its set value will be reduced.
19If the one who dedicates the field wishes to redeem it, they must add a fifth to its value, and the field will again become theirs.
20If, however, they do not redeem the field, or if they have sold it to someone else, it can never be redeemed.
21When the field is released in the Jubilee, it will become holy, like a field devoted to the Lord; it will become priestly property.
22“‘If anyone dedicates to the Lord a field they have bought, which is not part of their family land,
23the priest will determine its value up to the Year of Jubilee, and the owner must pay its value on that day as something holy to the Lord.
24In the Year of Jubilee the field will revert to the person from whom it was bought, the one whose land it was.
25Every value is to be set according to the sanctuary shekel, twenty gerahs to the shekel.
26“‘No one, however, may dedicate the firstborn of an animal, since the firstborn already belongs to the Lord; whether an ox or a sheep, it is the Lord’s.
27If it is one of the unclean animals, it may be bought back at its set value, adding a fifth of the value to it. If it is not redeemed, it is to be sold at its set value.
28“‘But nothing that a person owns and devotes to the Lord—whether a human being or an animal or family land—may be sold or redeemed; everything so devoted is most holy to the Lord.
29“‘No person devoted to destruction may be ransomed; they are to be put to death.
30“‘A tithe of everything from the land, whether grain from the soil or fruit from the trees, belongs to the Lord; it is holy to the Lord.
31Whoever would redeem any of their tithe must add a fifth of the value to it.
32Every tithe of the herd and flock—every tenth animal that passes under the shepherd’s rod—will be holy to the Lord.
33No one may pick out the good from the bad or make any substitution. If anyone does make a substitution, both the animal and its substitute become holy and cannot be redeemed.’”
34These are the commands the Lord gave Moses at Mount Sinai for the Israelites.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Leviticus 27.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The law concerning vows, Of persons and animals. (1–13). Vows concerning houses and land. (14–25). Devoted things not to be redeemed. (26–33). Conclusion. (34).
vv1-13
Zeal for the service of God disposed the Israelites, on some occasions, to dedicate themselves or their children to the service of the Lord, in his house for life. Some persons who thus dedicated themselves might be employed as assistants; in general they were to be redeemed for a value. It is good to be zealously affected and liberally disposed for the Lord's service; but the matter should be well weighed, and prudence should direct as to what we do; else rash vows and hesitation in doing them will dishonour God, and trouble our own minds.
vv14-25
Our houses, lands, cattle, and all our substance, must be used to the glory of God. It is acceptable to him that a portion be given to support his worship, and to promote his cause. But God would not approve such a degree of zeal as ruined a man's family.
vv26-33
Things or persons devoted, are distinguished from things or persons that were only sanctified. Devoted things were most holy to the Lord, and could neither be taken back nor applied to other purposes. Whatever productions they had the benefit, God must be honoured with the tenth of, if it could be applied. Thus they acknowledge God to be the Owner of their land, the Giver of its fruits, and themselves to be his tenants, and dependants upon him. Thus they gave him thanks for the plenty they enjoyed, and besought his favour in the continuance of it. We are taught to honour the Lord with our substance.
Key Words
דָבַר: perhaps properly, to arrange; but used figuratively (of words), to speak; rarely (in a destructive sense) to subdue
מֹשֶׁה: Mosheh, the Israelite lawgiver
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
פָּלָא: properly, perhaps to separate, i.e. distinguish (literally or figuratively); by implication, to be (causatively, make) great, difficult, wonderful
נֶדֶר: a promise (to God); also (concretely) a thing promised
עֵרֶךְ: a pile, equipment, estimate
נֶפֶשׁ: properly, a breathing creature, i.e. animal of (abstractly) vitality; used very widely in a literal, accommodated or figurative sense (bodily or mental)
Cross References
Leviticus 27Establishes the standard sanctuary shekel as twenty gerahs for all estimations.
Supported by John Calvin
Parallels the principle of giving according to one's ability and means.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Forbids working firstlings since they already belong to God as His property.
Supported by John Calvin
Provides a historical example of a parent dedicating a child to God's service.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Connects the valuation of dedicated fields directly to the Cycle of Jubilee.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Establishes that the firstborn cannot be consecrated by vow because they are already God's.
Supported by JFB
Echoes the custom of marking the tenth animal passing under the rod.
Supported by JFB
Alludes to the thirty pieces of silver value given to Christ.
Supported by JFB
Confirms the sanctuary redemption price for children from a month old.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates similar adjustments in offerings made for those who are poor.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Governs the return of land during the year of Jubilee.
Supported by JFB
Provides ancient historical precedent for giving a tenth of all to God.
Supported by JFB
Admonishes against rashness and delay in fulfilling vows to God.
Supported by JFB
Explains how devoted things are 'most holy' and belong completely to priests.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Reinforces redemption laws for the firstborn of unclean beasts.
Supported by JFB