Lamentations4
New Living Translation
1How the gold has lost its luster! Even the finest gold has become dull. The sacred gemstones lie scattered in the streets!
2See how the precious children of Jerusalem, worth their weight in fine gold, are now treated like pots of clay made by a common potter.
3Even the jackals feed their young, but not my people Israel. They ignore their children’s cries, like ostriches in the desert.
4The parched tongues of their little ones stick to the roofs of their mouths in thirst. The children cry for bread, but no one has any to give them.
5The people who once ate the richest foods now beg in the streets for anything they can get. Those who once wore the finest clothes now search the garbage dumps for food.
6The guilt of my people is greater than that of Sodom, where utter disaster struck in a moment and no hand offered help.
7Our princes once glowed with health— brighter than snow, whiter than milk. Their faces were as ruddy as rubies, their appearance like fine jewels.
8But now their faces are blacker than soot. No one recognizes them in the streets. Their skin sticks to their bones; it is as dry and hard as wood.
9Those killed by the sword are better off than those who die of hunger. Starving, they waste away for lack of food from the fields.
10Tenderhearted women have cooked their own children. They have eaten them to survive the siege.
11But now the anger of the Lord is satisfied. His fierce anger has been poured out. He started a fire in Jerusalem that burned the city to its foundations.
12Not a king in all the earth— no one in all the world— would have believed that an enemy could march through the gates of Jerusalem.
13Yet it happened because of the sins of her prophets and the sins of her priests, who defiled the city by shedding innocent blood.
14They wandered blindly through the streets, so defiled by blood that no one dared touch them.
15“Get away!” the people shouted at them. “You’re defiled! Don’t touch us!” So they fled to distant lands and wandered among foreign nations, but none would let them stay.
16The Lord himself has scattered them, and he no longer helps them. People show no respect for the priests and no longer honor the leaders.
17We looked in vain for our allies to come and save us, but we were looking to nations that could not help us.
18We couldn’t go into the streets without danger to our lives. Our end was near; our days were numbered. We were doomed!
19Our enemies were swifter than eagles in flight. If we fled to the mountains, they found us. If we hid in the wilderness, they were waiting for us there.
20Our king—the Lord’s anointed, the very life of our nation— was caught in their snares. We had thought that his shadow would protect us against any nation on earth!
21Are you rejoicing in the land of Uz, O people of Edom? But you, too, must drink from the cup of the Lord’s anger. You, too, will be stripped naked in your drunkenness.
22O beautiful Jerusalem, your punishment will end; you will soon return from exile. But Edom, your punishment is just beginning; soon your many sins will be exposed.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 4.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The deplorable state of the nation is contrasted with its ancient prosperity. (1-22).
vv1-12
What a change is here! Sin tarnishes the beauty of the most exalted powers and the most excellent gifts; but that gold, tried in the fire, which Christ bestows, never will be taken from us; its outward appearance may be dimmed, but its real value can never be changed. The horrors of the siege and destruction of Jerusalem are again described. Beholding the sad consequences of sin in the church of old, let us seriously consider to what the same causes may justly bring down the church now. But, Lord, though we have gone from thee in rebellion, yet turn to us, and turn our hearts to thee, that we may fear thy name. Come to us, bless us with awakening, converting, renewing, confirming grace.
vv13-20
Nothing ripens a people more for ruin, nor fills the measure faster, than the sins of priests and prophets. The king himself cannot escape, for Divine vengeance pursues him. Our anointed King alone is the life of our souls; we may safely live under his shadow, and rejoice in Him in the midst of our enemies, for He is the true God and eternal life.
vv21-22
Here it is foretold that an end should be put to Zion's troubles. Not the fulness of punishment deserved, but of what God has determined to inflict. An end shall be put to Edom's triumphs. All the troubles of the church and of the believer will soon be accomplished. And the doom of their enemies approaches. The Lord will bring their sins to light, and they shall lie down in eternal sorrow. Edom here represents all the enemies of the church. And the corruption, and sin of Israel, which the prophet has proved to be universal, justifies the judgments of the Lord. It shows the need of that grace in Christ Jesus, which the sin and corruption of all mankind make so necessary.
Key Words
אֵיךְ: how? or how!; also where
זָהָב: gold, figuratively, something gold-colored (i.e. yellow), as oil, a clear sky
עָמַם: to associate; by implication, to overshadow (by huddling together)
טוֹב: good (as an adjective) in the widest sense; used likewise as a noun, both in the masculine and the feminine, the singular and the plural (good, a good or good thing, a good man or woman; the good, goods or good things, good men or women), also as an adverb (well)
כֶּתֶם: properly, something carved out, i.e. ore; hence, gold (pure as originally mined)
שָׁנָא: to alter
קֹדֶשׁ: a sacred place or thing; rarely abstract, sanctity
אֶבֶן: a stone
שָׁפַךְ: to spill forth (blood, a libation, liquid metal; or even a solid, i.e. to mound up); also (figuratively) to expend (life, soul, complaint, money, etc.); intensively, to sprawl out
רֹאשׁ: the head (as most easily shaken), whether literal or figurative (in many applications, of place, time, rank, itc.)
Cross References
Lamentations 4Textual fulfillment: Nebuzaradan burning the temple, dimming the gold and casting down the sanctuary stones.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Zion's sons broken like the potter's earthen vessel, recalling Jeremiah's symbolic action at the potter's house.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfillment of Moses' curse that compassionate women would boil and eat their own children during siege.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The natural-history comparison to the ostriches, who are hardened against their young in the wilderness.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
God's anger kindled a fire in Zion that devoured even the foundations, fulfilling Deuteronomy.
Supported by JFB
The swiftness of the Chaldean pursuers described metaphorically as eagles, fulfilling Mosaic warning.
Supported by JFB
Socio-spiritual comparison: Jerusalem's deep-seated iniquity exceeding the sudden, complete destruction of Sodom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explains the biblical vow of the Nazarites, once pure but now physically degraded by famine.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the extreme physical description of skin turning black and bones withering under affliction.
Supported by JFB
Internal Lamentations parallel depicting mothers eating their offspring in desperate straits.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Identifies the corrupt prophets and priests whose sins precipitated the bloody destruction of Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Internal thematic parallel of eyes failing while looking to unreliable allies who cannot save.
Supported by JFB
Historical fulfillment of watching vainly for Egypt, a nation that could not deliver.
Supported by JFB
Edom's malicious joy over Zion's fall triggers the cup of wrath returning upon them.
Supported by JFB
The announcement that the warfare and punishment of Zion is completed and exile ended.
Supported by Matthew Henry