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Lamentations 4

Lamentations4

English Standard Version

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Tap any underlined word for the original Hebrew or Greek.

1 the has , how the is ! The at the of .

2 The of , worth their in , they are as , the of a !

3 the ; they their , but the of my has , like the in the .

4 The of the to the roof of its for ; the for , but to them.

5 Those who on in the ; those who were in .

6 For the of the of my has been the of , which was in a , and were for her.

7 Her were , ; their were , the beauty of their was like .

8 Now their is ; they are in the ; their has their ; it has become as as .

9 were the of the the of , , by lack of the of the .

10 The of have their own ; they became their during the of the of my .

11 The Lord gave to his ; he his , and he a in that its .

12 The of the did , of the of the , or could the of .

13 This was the of her and the of her , who in the of her the of the .

14 They , , through the ; they were so with that one was to their .

15 ! ! people at them. ! ! Do ! they and ; people , They shall with us .

16 The Lord has them; he will them ; no was to the , no to the .

17 Our , for ; in our watching we for a which not .

18 They our so that we could in our ; our drew ; our were , our had .

19 Our were the in the ; they us the ; they lay in for us in the .

20 The of our , the Lord ’s , was in their , of we , Under his we shall .

21 and be , O of , you who in the of ; but you the shall ; you shall become and strip yourself .

22 The punishment of your , O of , is ; he will keep you in ; but your , O of , he will ; he will .

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Lamentations 4

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Lamentations 4. The full AI study guide (summary, themes, context) has its own page.

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The deplorable state of the nation is contrasted with its ancient prosperity. (1-22).

vv1-12

What a change is here! Sin tarnishes the beauty of the most exalted powers and the most excellent gifts; but that gold, tried in the fire, which Christ bestows, never will be taken from us; its outward appearance may be dimmed, but its real value can never be changed. The horrors of the siege and destruction of Jerusalem are again described. Beholding the sad consequences of sin in the church of old, let us seriously consider to what the same causes may justly bring down the church now. But, Lord, though we have gone from thee in rebellion, yet turn to us, and turn our hearts to thee, that we may fear thy name. Come to us, bless us with awakening, converting, renewing, confirming grace.

vv13-20

Nothing ripens a people more for ruin, nor fills the measure faster, than the sins of priests and prophets. The king himself cannot escape, for Divine vengeance pursues him. Our anointed King alone is the life of our souls; we may safely live under his shadow, and rejoice in Him in the midst of our enemies, for He is the true God and eternal life.

vv21-22

Here it is foretold that an end should be put to Zion's troubles. Not the fulness of punishment deserved, but of what God has determined to inflict. An end shall be put to Edom's triumphs. All the troubles of the church and of the believer will soon be accomplished. And the doom of their enemies approaches. The Lord will bring their sins to light, and they shall lie down in eternal sorrow. Edom here represents all the enemies of the church. And the corruption, and sin of Israel, which the prophet has proved to be universal, justifies the judgments of the Lord. It shows the need of that grace in Christ Jesus, which the sin and corruption of all mankind make so necessary.

Cross References

Lamentations 4
v1Jeremiah 52:13thematic

Textual fulfillment: Nebuzaradan burning the temple, dimming the gold and casting down the sanctuary stones.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v2Jeremiah 19:11allusion

Zion's sons broken like the potter's earthen vessel, recalling Jeremiah's symbolic action at the potter's house.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v10Deuteronomy 28:56-57fulfillment

Fulfillment of Moses' curse that compassionate women would boil and eat their own children during siege.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v3Job 39:13-16thematic

The natural-history comparison to the ostriches, who are hardened against their young in the wilderness.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

God's anger kindled a fire in Zion that devoured even the foundations, fulfilling Deuteronomy.

Supported by JFB

The swiftness of the Chaldean pursuers described metaphorically as eagles, fulfilling Mosaic warning.

Supported by JFB

Socio-spiritual comparison: Jerusalem's deep-seated iniquity exceeding the sudden, complete destruction of Sodom.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v7Numbers 6:2-21thematic

Explains the biblical vow of the Nazarites, once pure but now physically degraded by famine.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Job 30:30thematic

Parallels the extreme physical description of skin turning black and bones withering under affliction.

Supported by JFB

Internal Lamentations parallel depicting mothers eating their offspring in desperate straits.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Identifies the corrupt prophets and priests whose sins precipitated the bloody destruction of Jerusalem.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

Internal thematic parallel of eyes failing while looking to unreliable allies who cannot save.

Supported by JFB

v17Jeremiah 37:7-10fulfillment

Historical fulfillment of watching vainly for Egypt, a nation that could not deliver.

Supported by JFB

v21Obadiah 1:10-16thematic

Edom's malicious joy over Zion's fall triggers the cup of wrath returning upon them.

Supported by JFB

v22Isaiah 40:2thematic

The announcement that the warfare and punishment of Zion is completed and exile ended.

Supported by Matthew Henry