Ezekiel17
New American Standard
1Now the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
2“Son of man, ask a riddle and present a parable to the house of Israel,
3saying, ‘This is what the Lord God says: “A great eagle with great wings, long pinions, and a full plumage of many colors came to Lebanon and took away the top of the cedar.
4He broke off the topmost of its young twigs and brought it to a land of merchants; he set it in a city of traders.
5He also took from the seed of the land and planted it in fertile soil, a meadow beside abundant waters; he set it like a willow.
6Then it sprouted and became a low, spreading vine with its branches turned toward him, but its roots remained under it. So it became a vine and produced shoots and sent out branches.
7“But there was another great eagle with great wings and much plumage; and behold, this vine turned its roots toward him and sent out its branches toward him from the beds where it was planted, so that he might water it.
8It was planted in good soil beside abundant waters, so that it would produce branches and bear fruit, and become a splendid vine.”’
9Say, ‘This is what the Lord God says: “Will it thrive? Will he not pull up its roots and cut off its fruit, so that it withers—so that all its sprouting shoots wither? And neither by great strength nor by many people can it be raised from its roots again.
10Behold, though it is planted, will it thrive? Will it not completely wither as soon as the east wind strikes it—wither on the beds where it grew?”’”
11Moreover, the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
12“Say now to the rebellious house, ‘Do you not know what these things mean?’ Say, ‘Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, took its king and leaders, and brought them to him in Babylon.
13Then he took one of the royal family and made a covenant with him, putting him under oath. He also took away the mighty of the land,
14so that the kingdom would be humbled, not exalting itself, but keeping his covenant so that it might continue.
15But he revolted against him by sending his messengers to Egypt so that they might give him horses and many troops. Will he succeed? Will he who does these things escape? Can he indeed break the covenant and escape?
16As I live,’ declares the Lord God, ‘In the country of the king who put him on the throne, whose oath he despised and whose covenant he broke, in Babylon he shall certainly die.
17Pharaoh with his mighty army and great contingent will not help him in the war, when they pile up assault ramps and build siege walls to eliminate many lives.
18Now he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, and behold, he pledged his allegiance, yet did all these things; he shall not escape.’”
19Therefore, this is what the Lord God says: “As I live, My oath which he despised and My covenant which he broke, I will certainly inflict on his head.
20And I will spread My net over him, and he will be caught in My net. Then I will bring him to Babylon and enter into judgment with him there regarding the unfaithful act which he has committed against Me.
21All the choice men in all his troops will fall by the sword, and the survivors will be scattered to every wind; and you will know that I, the Lord, have spoken.”
22This is what the Lord God says: “I will also take a sprig from the lofty top of the cedar and set it out; I will break off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.
23On the high mountain of Israel I will plant it, so that it may bring forth branches and bear fruit, and become a stately cedar. And birds of every kind will nest under it; they will nest in the shade of its branches.
24All the trees of the field will know that I am the Lord; I bring down the high tree, exalt the low tree, dry up the green tree, and make the dry tree flourish. I am the Lord; I have spoken, and I will perform it.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A parable relative to the Jewish nation. (1-10). to which an explanation is added. (11-21). A direct promise of the Messiah. (22-24).
vv1-10
Mighty conquerors are aptly likened to birds or beasts of prey, but their destructive passions are overruled to forward God's designs. Those who depart from God, only vary their crimes by changing one carnal confidence for another, and never will prosper.
vv11-21
The parable is explained, and the particulars of the history of the Jewish nation at that time may be traced. Zedekiah had been ungrateful to his benefactor, which is a sin against God. In every solemn oath, God is appealed to as a witness of the sincerity of him that swears. Truth is a debt owing to all men. If the professors of the true religion deal treacherously with those of a false religion, their profession makes their sin the worse; and God will the more surely and severely punish it. The Lord will not hold those guiltless who take his name in vain; and no man shall escape the righteous judgment of God who dies under unrepented guilt.
vv22-24
The unbelief of man shall not make the promise of God of none effect. The parable of a tree, used in the threatening, is here presented in the promise. It appears only applicable to Jesus, the Son of David, the Messiah of God. The kingdom of Satan, which has borne so long, so large a sway, shall be broken, and the kingdom of Christ, which was looked upon with contempt, shall be established. Blessed be God, our Redeemer is seen even by the ends of the earth. We may find refuge from the wrath to come, and from every enemy and danger, under his shadow; and believers are fruitful in him.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
חוּד: properly, to tie a knot, i.e. (figuratively) to propound a riddle
חִידָה: a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim
מָשַׁל: to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble
מָשָׁל: properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
Cross References
Ezekiel 17Historical record of Zedekiah's rebellion and breaking the oath he made by God to Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the metaphor of the vine bending roots to Egypt, seeking Pharaoh's military intervention.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Messianic prophecy of the tender branch/rod from the stem of Jesse, corresponding to Ezekiel's cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The promise of raising to David a righteous Branch, matching the planting of the tender high cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ's mustard seed parable echoes the birds dwelling under the shadow of the great cedar's branches.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah also depicts the king of Babylon as an eagle flying swiftly over his prey.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Nebuchadnezzar making Mattaniah (Zedekiah) king over Judea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The destructive east wind that dries up the vine's spring and water source.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the descriptive language of Egypt being reduced to a base, low-stature kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records Zedekiah being bound in chains and brought to Babylon, where he died as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Ezekiel's earlier metaphor of spreading His net upon Zedekiah, who is taken to Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The capture of Jerusalem, Jehoiachin, and the elites, matching the eagle cropping the cedar's top.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Illustrates the rapid growth of the willow tree beside abundant flowing waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The prophet's own literal explanation of the second eagle as Zedekiah sending ambassadors to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Concretely identifies Nebuchadnezzar setting up Zedekiah as king in place of Coniah (Jehoiachin).
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic warning of God's curse consuming the house of whoever swears falsely by His name.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Lamentations refers to the captured king as the breath of our nostrils taken in their pits.
Supported by JFB
The cosmic tree metaphor, where beasts find shadow and birds dwell in its boughs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel uses the same image of a towering Assyrian cedar with high top branches.
Supported by JFB
Sparing no words for those who swear falsely and make covenants with empty oaths.
Supported by John Calvin
Law forbidding Israel's king to multiply horses or cause the people to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mountain of the height of Israel is identified as God's holy mountain of worship.
Supported by JFB