Ezekiel29
New American Standard
1In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth of the month, the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
2“Son of man, set your face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.
3Speak and say, ‘This is what the Lord God says: “Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, The great monster that lies in the midst of his canals, That has said, ‘My Nile is mine, and I myself have made it.’
4I will put hooks in your jaws And make the fish of your canals cling to your scales. And I will bring you up out of the midst of your canals, And all the fish of your canals will cling to your scales.
5I will abandon you to the wilderness, you and all the fish of your canals; You will fall on the open field; you will not be brought together or gathered. I have given you for food to the animals of the earth and to the birds of the sky.
6Then all the inhabitants of Egypt will know that I am the Lord, Because they have been only a staff made of reed to the house of Israel.
7When they took hold of you with the hand, You broke and tore all their hands; And when they leaned on you, You broke and made all their hips shake.”
8‘Therefore the Lord God says this: “Behold, I am going to bring upon you a sword, and I will cut off from you human and animal life.
9The land of Egypt will become a desolation and place of ruins. Then they will know that I am the Lord. “Because you said, ‘The Nile is mine, and I have made it,’
10therefore, behold, I am against you and against your canals, and I will make the land of Egypt an utter waste and desolation, from Migdol to Syene and as far as the border of Cush.
11A human foot will not pass through it, nor will the foot of an animal pass through it, and it will not be inhabited for forty years.
12So I will make the land of Egypt a desolation in the midst of deserted lands. And her cities, in the midst of cities that are laid waste, will be desolate for forty years; and I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations and disperse them among the lands.”
13‘For this is what the Lord God says: “At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the peoples among whom they were scattered.
14And I will restore the fortunes of Egypt and bring them back to the land of Pathros, to the land of their origin, and there they will be a lowly kingdom.
15It will be the lowest of the kingdoms, and it will not raise itself above the nations again. And I will make them small so that they will not rule over the nations.
16And it will no longer be a kingdom on which the house of Israel relies, bringing to mind the guilt of their having turned to Egypt. Then they will know that I am the Lord God.”’”
17Now in the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, on the first of the month, the word of the Lord came to me, saying,
18“Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon made his army labor hard against Tyre; every head had a bald spot and every shoulder was rubbed raw. But he and his army acquired no wages from Tyre for the labor that he had performed against it.”
19Therefore this is what the Lord God says: “Behold, I am going to give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. And he will carry off her wealth and capture her spoils and seize her plunder; and it will be wages for his army.
20I have given him the land of Egypt for his labor which he performed, because they acted for Me,” declares the Lord God.
21“On that day I will make a horn sprout for the house of Israel, and I will open your mouth among them. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 29.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The desolation of Egypt. (1-16). Also a promise of mercy to Israel. (17-21).
vv1-16
Worldly, carnal minds pride themselves in their property, forgetting that whatever we have, we received it from God, and should use it for God. Why, then, do we boast? Self is the great idol which all the world worships, in contempt of God and his sovereignty. God can force men out of that in which they are most secure and easy. Such a one, and all that cleave to him, shall perish together. Thus end men's pride, presumption, and carnal security. The Lord is against those who do harm to his people, and still more against those who lead them into sin. Egypt shall be a kingdom again, but it shall be the basest of the kingdoms; it shall have little wealth and power. History shows the complete fulfilment of this prophecy. God, not only in justice, but in wisdom and goodness to us, breaks the creature-stays on which we lean, that they may be no more our confidence.
vv17-21
The besiegers of Tyre obtained little plunder. But when God employs ambitious or covetous men, he will recompense them according to the desires of their hearts; for every man shall have his reward. God had mercy in store for the house of Israel soon after. The history of nations best explains ancient prophecies. All events fulfil the Scriptures. Thus, in the deepest scenes of adversity, the Lord sows the seed of our future prosperity. Happy are those who desire his favour, grace, and image; they will delight in his service, and not covet any earthly recompence; and the blessings they have chosen shall be sure to them for ever.
Key Words
עֲשִׂירִי: tenth; by abbreviation, tenth month or (feminine) part
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
Ezekiel 29Direct verbal echo of Egypt as a broken staff of reed that pierces the hand leaning on it.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Explicit fulfillment where God promises to deliver Pharaoh Hophra (Apries) into the hands of his enemies.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal parallel of putting hooks in jaws to drag down proud, rebellious rulers.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the Egyptian ruler metaphorically as the great dragon or monster of the waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Pharaoh's proud boast ('I made it for myself') with Nebuchadnezzar's pride.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details Nebuchadnezzar's long, grueling siege against Tyre for which his army received no spoils.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic fulfillment showing Nebuchadnezzar invading Egypt, taking its spoil, and executing judgment.
Supported by JFB
Expands the imagery of the slain Egyptian monster left on open fields for beasts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Further details on the specific geographic locations of Egypt's judgment, including Pathros.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Thematic parallel to making the horn of Israel to bud, representing messianic hope and restoration.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the promise of giving Ezekiel 'the opening of the mouth' in the midst of them.
Supported by JFB
Historical account of Israel's false trust in Egypt, which briefly raised the Babylonian siege.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the eventual healing and return of mercy promised to Egypt after judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the decree that Egypt would become a base kingdom kept low so as not to rise.
Supported by JFB
Thematic parallel of God employing pagan rulers (Cyrus/Nebuchadnezzar) and rewarding them for service.
Supported by Matthew Henry