Ezekiel29
New International Version
1In the tenth year, in the tenth month on the twelfth day, the word of the Lord came to me:
2“Son of man, set your face against Pharaoh king of Egypt and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.
3Speak to him and say: ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: “‘I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, you great monster lying among your streams. You say, “The Nile belongs to me; I made it for myself.”
4But I will put hooks in your jaws and make the fish of your streams stick to your scales. I will pull you out from among your streams, with all the fish sticking to your scales.
5I will leave you in the desert, you and all the fish of your streams. You will fall on the open field and not be gathered or picked up. I will give you as food to the beasts of the earth and the birds of the sky.
6Then all who live in Egypt will know that I am the Lord. “‘You have been a staff of reed for the people of Israel.
7When they grasped you with their hands, you splintered and you tore open their shoulders; when they leaned on you, you broke and their backs were wrenched.
8“‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I will bring a sword against you and kill both man and beast.
9Egypt will become a desolate wasteland. Then they will know that I am the Lord. “‘Because you said, “The Nile is mine; I made it,”
10therefore I am against you and against your streams, and I will make the land of Egypt a ruin and a desolate waste from Migdol to Aswan, as far as the border of Cush.
11The foot of neither man nor beast will pass through it; no one will live there for forty years.
12I will make the land of Egypt desolate among devastated lands, and her cities will lie desolate forty years among ruined cities. And I will disperse the Egyptians among the nations and scatter them through the countries.
13“‘Yet this is what the Sovereign Lord says: At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the nations where they were scattered.
14I will bring them back from captivity and return them to Upper Egypt, the land of their ancestry. There they will be a lowly kingdom.
15It will be the lowliest of kingdoms and will never again exalt itself above the other nations. I will make it so weak that it will never again rule over the nations.
16Egypt will no longer be a source of confidence for the people of Israel but will be a reminder of their sin in turning to her for help. Then they will know that I am the Sovereign Lord.’”
17In the twenty-seventh year, in the first month on the first day, the word of the Lord came to me:
18“Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon drove his army in a hard campaign against Tyre; every head was rubbed bare and every shoulder made raw. Yet he and his army got no reward from the campaign he led against Tyre.
19Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: I am going to give Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, and he will carry off its wealth. He will loot and plunder the land as pay for his army.
20I have given him Egypt as a reward for his efforts because he and his army did it for me, declares the Sovereign Lord.
21“On that day I will make a horn grow for the Israelites, and I will open your mouth among them. Then they will know that I am the Lord.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 29.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The desolation of Egypt. (1-16). Also a promise of mercy to Israel. (17-21).
vv1-16
Worldly, carnal minds pride themselves in their property, forgetting that whatever we have, we received it from God, and should use it for God. Why, then, do we boast? Self is the great idol which all the world worships, in contempt of God and his sovereignty. God can force men out of that in which they are most secure and easy. Such a one, and all that cleave to him, shall perish together. Thus end men's pride, presumption, and carnal security. The Lord is against those who do harm to his people, and still more against those who lead them into sin. Egypt shall be a kingdom again, but it shall be the basest of the kingdoms; it shall have little wealth and power. History shows the complete fulfilment of this prophecy. God, not only in justice, but in wisdom and goodness to us, breaks the creature-stays on which we lean, that they may be no more our confidence.
vv17-21
The besiegers of Tyre obtained little plunder. But when God employs ambitious or covetous men, he will recompense them according to the desires of their hearts; for every man shall have his reward. God had mercy in store for the house of Israel soon after. The history of nations best explains ancient prophecies. All events fulfil the Scriptures. Thus, in the deepest scenes of adversity, the Lord sows the seed of our future prosperity. Happy are those who desire his favour, grace, and image; they will delight in his service, and not covet any earthly recompence; and the blessings they have chosen shall be sure to them for ever.
Key Words
עֲשִׂירִי: tenth; by abbreviation, tenth month or (feminine) part
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
שׂוּם: to put (used in a great variety of applications, literal, figurative, inferentially, and elliptically)
פָּנִים: the face (as the part that turns); used in a great variety of applications (literally and figuratively); also (with prepositional prefix) as a preposition (before, etc.)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
Ezekiel 29Direct verbal echo of Egypt as a broken staff of reed that pierces the hand leaning on it.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Explicit fulfillment where God promises to deliver Pharaoh Hophra (Apries) into the hands of his enemies.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbal parallel of putting hooks in jaws to drag down proud, rebellious rulers.
Supported by JFB
Identifies the Egyptian ruler metaphorically as the great dragon or monster of the waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels Pharaoh's proud boast ('I made it for myself') with Nebuchadnezzar's pride.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details Nebuchadnezzar's long, grueling siege against Tyre for which his army received no spoils.
Supported by JFB
Prophetic fulfillment showing Nebuchadnezzar invading Egypt, taking its spoil, and executing judgment.
Supported by JFB
Expands the imagery of the slain Egyptian monster left on open fields for beasts.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Further details on the specific geographic locations of Egypt's judgment, including Pathros.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Thematic parallel to making the horn of Israel to bud, representing messianic hope and restoration.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the promise of giving Ezekiel 'the opening of the mouth' in the midst of them.
Supported by JFB
Historical account of Israel's false trust in Egypt, which briefly raised the Babylonian siege.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the eventual healing and return of mercy promised to Egypt after judgment.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels the decree that Egypt would become a base kingdom kept low so as not to rise.
Supported by JFB
Thematic parallel of God employing pagan rulers (Cyrus/Nebuchadnezzar) and rewarding them for service.
Supported by Matthew Henry