Ezekiel 29WEB
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Ezekiel29

World English Bible · Public Domain

1In the tenth year, in the tenth month, on the twelfth day of the month, Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,

2“Son of man, set your face against Pharaoh king of Egypt, and prophesy against him and against all Egypt.

3Speak and say, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I am against you, Pharaoh king of Egypt, the great monster that lies in the middle of his rivers, that has said, ‘My river is my own, and I have made it for myself.’

4I will put hooks in your jaws, and I will make the fish of your rivers stick to your scales. I will bring you up out of the middle of your rivers, with all the fish of your rivers which stick to your scales.

5I’ll cast you out into the wilderness, you and all the fish of your rivers. You’ll fall on the open field. You won’t be brought together or gathered. I have given you for food to the animals of the earth and to the birds of the sky.

6“‘“All the inhabitants of Egypt will know that I am Yahweh, because they have been a staff of reed to the house of Israel.

7When they took hold of you by your hand, you broke and tore all their shoulders. When they leaned on you, you broke and paralyzed all of their thighs.”

8“‘Therefore the Lord Yahweh says: “Behold, I will bring a sword on you, and will cut off man and animal from you.

9The land of Egypt will be a desolation and a waste. Then they will know that I am Yahweh. “‘“Because he has said, ‘The river is mine, and I have made it,’

10therefore, behold, I am against you and against your rivers. I will make the land of Egypt an utter waste and desolation, from the tower of Seveneh even to the border of Ethiopia.

11No foot of man will pass through it, nor will any animal foot pass through it. It won’t be inhabited for forty years.

12I will make the land of Egypt a desolation in the middle of the countries that are desolate. Her cities among the cities that are laid waste will be a desolation forty years. I will scatter the Egyptians among the nations, and will disperse them through the countries.”

13“‘For the Lord Yahweh says: “At the end of forty years I will gather the Egyptians from the peoples where they were scattered.

14I will reverse the captivity of Egypt, and will cause them to return into the land of Pathros, into the land of their birth. There they will be a lowly kingdom.

15It will be the lowest of the kingdoms. It won’t lift itself up above the nations any more. I will diminish them so that they will no longer rule over the nations.

16It will no longer be the confidence of the house of Israel, bringing iniquity to memory, when they turn to look after them. Then they will know that I am the Lord Yahweh.”’”

17It came to pass in the twenty-seventh year, in the first month, in the first day of the month, Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,

18“Son of man, Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon caused his army to serve a great service against Tyre. Every head was made bald, and every shoulder was worn; yet he had no wages, nor did his army, from Tyre, for the service that he had served against it.

19Therefore the Lord Yahweh says: ‘Behold, I will give the land of Egypt to Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon. He will carry off her multitude, take her plunder, and take her prey. That will be the wages for his army.

20I have given him the land of Egypt as his payment for which he served, because they worked for me,’ says the Lord Yahweh.

21“In that day I will cause a horn to sprout for the house of Israel, and I will open your mouth among them. Then they will know that I am Yahweh.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 29.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The desolation of Egypt. (1-16). Also a promise of mercy to Israel. (17-21).

vv1-16

Worldly, carnal minds pride themselves in their property, forgetting that whatever we have, we received it from God, and should use it for God. Why, then, do we boast? Self is the great idol which all the world worships, in contempt of God and his sovereignty. God can force men out of that in which they are most secure and easy. Such a one, and all that cleave to him, shall perish together. Thus end men's pride, presumption, and carnal security. The Lord is against those who do harm to his people, and still more against those who lead them into sin. Egypt shall be a kingdom again, but it shall be the basest of the kingdoms; it shall have little wealth and power. History shows the complete fulfilment of this prophecy. God, not only in justice, but in wisdom and goodness to us, breaks the creature-stays on which we lean, that they may be no more our confidence.

vv17-21

The besiegers of Tyre obtained little plunder. But when God employs ambitious or covetous men, he will recompense them according to the desires of their hearts; for every man shall have his reward. God had mercy in store for the house of Israel soon after. The history of nations best explains ancient prophecies. All events fulfil the Scriptures. Thus, in the deepest scenes of adversity, the Lord sows the seed of our future prosperity. Happy are those who desire his favour, grace, and image; they will delight in his service, and not covet any earthly recompence; and the blessings they have chosen shall be sure to them for ever.

Cross References

Ezekiel 29
v6Isaiah 36:6allusion

Direct verbal echo of Egypt as a broken staff of reed that pierces the hand leaning on it.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v2Jeremiah 44:30fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment where God promises to deliver Pharaoh Hophra (Apries) into the hands of his enemies.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v4Isaiah 37:29allusion

Verbal parallel of putting hooks in jaws to drag down proud, rebellious rulers.

Supported by JFB

v3Isaiah 51:9thematic

Identifies the Egyptian ruler metaphorically as the great dragon or monster of the waters.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v3Daniel 4:30thematic

Parallels Pharaoh's proud boast ('I made it for myself') with Nebuchadnezzar's pride.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v18Ezekiel 26:7-12thematic

Details Nebuchadnezzar's long, grueling siege against Tyre for which his army received no spoils.

Supported by JFB

v19Jeremiah 43:10-13fulfillment

Prophetic fulfillment showing Nebuchadnezzar invading Egypt, taking its spoil, and executing judgment.

Supported by JFB

v5Ezekiel 32:4-6thematic

Expands the imagery of the slain Egyptian monster left on open fields for beasts.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v14Ezekiel 30:13-17thematic

Further details on the specific geographic locations of Egypt's judgment, including Pathros.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Psalms 132:17thematic

Thematic parallel to making the horn of Israel to bud, representing messianic hope and restoration.

Supported by JFB

v21Ezekiel 24:27thematic

Parallels the promise of giving Ezekiel 'the opening of the mouth' in the midst of them.

Supported by JFB

Historical account of Israel's false trust in Egypt, which briefly raised the Babylonian siege.

Supported by JFB

v13Isaiah 19:22thematic

Parallels the eventual healing and return of mercy promised to Egypt after judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v14Ezekiel 17:14thematic

Parallels the decree that Egypt would become a base kingdom kept low so as not to rise.

Supported by JFB

v20Isaiah 45:1-3thematic

Thematic parallel of God employing pagan rulers (Cyrus/Nebuchadnezzar) and rewarding them for service.

Supported by Matthew Henry