Ezekiel17
World English Bible · Public Domain
1Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,
2“Son of man, tell a riddle, and speak a parable to the house of Israel;
3and say, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “A great eagle with great wings and long feathers, full of feathers which had various colors, came to Lebanon and took the top of the cedar.
4He cropped off the topmost of its young twigs, and carried it to a land of traffic. He planted it in a city of merchants.
5“‘“He also took some of the seed of the land and planted it in fruitful soil. He placed it beside many waters. He set it as a willow tree.
6It grew and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and its roots were under him. So it became a vine, produced branches, and shot out sprigs.
7“‘“There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers. Behold, this vine bent its roots toward him, and shot out its branches toward him, from the ground where it was planted, that he might water it.
8It was planted in a good soil by many waters, that it might produce branches and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a good vine.”’
9“Say, ‘The Lord Yahweh says: “Will it prosper? Won’t he pull up its roots and cut off its fruit, that it may wither, that all its fresh springing leaves may wither? It can’t be raised from its roots by a strong arm or many people.
10Yes, behold, being planted, will it prosper? Won’t it utterly wither when the east wind touches it? It will wither in the ground where it grew.”’”
11Moreover Yahweh’s word came to me, saying,
12“Say now to the rebellious house, ‘Don’t you know what these things mean?’ Tell them, ‘Behold, the king of Babylon came to Jerusalem, and took its king, and its princes, and brought them to him to Babylon.
13He took one of the royal offspring, and made a covenant with him. He also brought him under an oath, and took away the mighty of the land,
14that the kingdom might be brought low, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping his covenant it might stand.
15But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and many people. Will he prosper? Will he who does such things escape? Will he break the covenant, and still escape?
16“‘As I live,’ says the Lord Yahweh, ‘surely in the place where the king dwells who made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he broke, even with him in the middle of Babylon he will die.
17Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company won’t help him in the war, when they cast up mounds and build forts to cut off many persons.
18For he has despised the oath by breaking the covenant; and behold, he had given his hand, and yet has done all these things. He won’t escape.
19“Therefore the Lord Yahweh says: ‘As I live, I will surely bring on his own head my oath that he has despised and my covenant that he has broken.
20I will spread my net on him, and he will be taken in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon, and will enter into judgment with him there for his trespass that he has trespassed against me.
21All his fugitives in all his bands will fall by the sword, and those who remain will be scattered toward every wind. Then you will know that I, Yahweh, have spoken it.’
22“The Lord Yahweh says: ‘I will also take some of the lofty top of the cedar, and will plant it. I will crop off from the topmost of its young twigs a tender one, and I will plant it on a high and lofty mountain.
23I will plant it in the mountain of the height of Israel; and it will produce boughs, and bear fruit, and be a good cedar. Birds of every kind will dwell in the shade of its branches.
24All the trees of the field will know that I, Yahweh, have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree flourish. “‘I, Yahweh, have spoken and have done it.’”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A parable relative to the Jewish nation. (1-10). to which an explanation is added. (11-21). A direct promise of the Messiah. (22-24).
vv1-10
Mighty conquerors are aptly likened to birds or beasts of prey, but their destructive passions are overruled to forward God's designs. Those who depart from God, only vary their crimes by changing one carnal confidence for another, and never will prosper.
vv11-21
The parable is explained, and the particulars of the history of the Jewish nation at that time may be traced. Zedekiah had been ungrateful to his benefactor, which is a sin against God. In every solemn oath, God is appealed to as a witness of the sincerity of him that swears. Truth is a debt owing to all men. If the professors of the true religion deal treacherously with those of a false religion, their profession makes their sin the worse; and God will the more surely and severely punish it. The Lord will not hold those guiltless who take his name in vain; and no man shall escape the righteous judgment of God who dies under unrepented guilt.
vv22-24
The unbelief of man shall not make the promise of God of none effect. The parable of a tree, used in the threatening, is here presented in the promise. It appears only applicable to Jesus, the Son of David, the Messiah of God. The kingdom of Satan, which has borne so long, so large a sway, shall be broken, and the kingdom of Christ, which was looked upon with contempt, shall be established. Blessed be God, our Redeemer is seen even by the ends of the earth. We may find refuge from the wrath to come, and from every enemy and danger, under his shadow; and believers are fruitful in him.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
חוּד: properly, to tie a knot, i.e. (figuratively) to propound a riddle
חִידָה: a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim
מָשַׁל: to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble
מָשָׁל: properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
Cross References
Ezekiel 17Historical record of Zedekiah's rebellion and breaking the oath he made by God to Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the metaphor of the vine bending roots to Egypt, seeking Pharaoh's military intervention.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Messianic prophecy of the tender branch/rod from the stem of Jesse, corresponding to Ezekiel's cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The promise of raising to David a righteous Branch, matching the planting of the tender high cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ's mustard seed parable echoes the birds dwelling under the shadow of the great cedar's branches.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah also depicts the king of Babylon as an eagle flying swiftly over his prey.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Nebuchadnezzar making Mattaniah (Zedekiah) king over Judea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The destructive east wind that dries up the vine's spring and water source.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the descriptive language of Egypt being reduced to a base, low-stature kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records Zedekiah being bound in chains and brought to Babylon, where he died as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Ezekiel's earlier metaphor of spreading His net upon Zedekiah, who is taken to Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The capture of Jerusalem, Jehoiachin, and the elites, matching the eagle cropping the cedar's top.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Illustrates the rapid growth of the willow tree beside abundant flowing waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The prophet's own literal explanation of the second eagle as Zedekiah sending ambassadors to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Concretely identifies Nebuchadnezzar setting up Zedekiah as king in place of Coniah (Jehoiachin).
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic warning of God's curse consuming the house of whoever swears falsely by His name.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Lamentations refers to the captured king as the breath of our nostrils taken in their pits.
Supported by JFB
The cosmic tree metaphor, where beasts find shadow and birds dwell in its boughs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel uses the same image of a towering Assyrian cedar with high top branches.
Supported by JFB
Sparing no words for those who swear falsely and make covenants with empty oaths.
Supported by John Calvin
Law forbidding Israel's king to multiply horses or cause the people to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mountain of the height of Israel is identified as God's holy mountain of worship.
Supported by JFB