2 Chronicles 36WEB
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2 Chronicles36

World English Bible · Public Domain

1Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father’s place in Jerusalem.

2Joahaz was twenty-three years old when he began to reign; and he reigned three months in Jerusalem.

3The king of Egypt removed him from office at Jerusalem, and fined the land one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.

4The king of Egypt made Eliakim his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. Neco took Joahaz his brother, and carried him to Egypt.

5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. He did that which was evil in Yahweh his God’s sight.

6Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against him, and bound him in fetters to carry him to Babylon.

7Nebuchadnezzar also carried some of the vessels of Yahweh’s house to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon.

8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, and his abominations which he did, and that which was found in him, behold, they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah; and Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.

9Jehoiachin was eight years old when he began to reign, and he reigned three months and ten days in Jerusalem. He did that which was evil in Yahweh’s sight.

10At the return of the year, King Nebuchadnezzar sent and brought him to Babylon, with the valuable vessels of Yahweh’s house, and made Zedekiah his brother king over Judah and Jerusalem.

11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he began to reign, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.

12He did that which was evil in Yahweh his God’s sight. He didn’t humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet speaking from Yahweh’s mouth.

13He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear by God; but he stiffened his neck, and hardened his heart against turning to Yahweh, the God of Israel.

14Moreover all the chiefs of the priests and the people trespassed very greatly after all the abominations of the nations; and they polluted Yahweh’s house which he had made holy in Jerusalem.

15Yahweh, the God of their fathers, sent to them by his messengers, rising up early and sending, because he had compassion on his people and on his dwelling place;

16but they mocked the messengers of God, despised his words, and scoffed at his prophets, until Yahweh’s wrath arose against his people, until there was no remedy.

17Therefore he brought on them the king of the Chaldeans, who killed their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion on young man or virgin, old man or infirm. He gave them all into his hand.

18All the vessels of God’s house, great and small, and the treasures of Yahweh’s house, and the treasures of the king and of his princes, all these he brought to Babylon.

19They burned God’s house, broke down the wall of Jerusalem, burned all its palaces with fire, and destroyed all of its valuable vessels.

20He carried those who had escaped from the sword away to Babylon, and they were servants to him and his sons until the reign of the kingdom of Persia,

21to fulfill Yahweh’s word by Jeremiah’s mouth, until the land had enjoyed its Sabbaths. As long as it lay desolate, it kept Sabbath, to fulfill seventy years.

22Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that Yahweh’s word by the mouth of Jeremiah might be accomplished, Yahweh stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and put it also in writing, saying,

23“Cyrus king of Persia says, ‘Yahweh, the God of heaven, has given all the kingdoms of the earth to me; and he has commanded me to build him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever there is among you of all his people, Yahweh his God be with him, and let him go up.’”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 36.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The destruction of Jerusalem. (1–21). The proclamation of Cyrus. (22, 23).

vv1-21

The ruin of Judah and Jerusalem came on by degrees. The methods God takes to call back sinners by his word, by ministers, by conscience, by providences, are all instances of his compassion toward them, and his unwillingness that any should perish. See here what woful havoc sin makes, and, as we value the comfort and continuance of our earthly blessings, let us keep that worm from the root of them. They had many times ploughed and sowed their land in the seventh year, when it should have rested, and now it lay unploughed and unsown for ten times seven years. God will be no loser in his glory at last, by the disobedience of men. If they refused to let the land rest, God would make it rest. What place, O God, shall thy justice spare, if Jerusalem has perished? If that delight of thine were cut off for wickedness, let us not be high-minded, but fear.

vv22-23

God had promised the restoring of the captives, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, at the end of seventy years; and that time to favour Zion, that set time, came at last. Though God's church be cast down, it is not cast off; though his people be corrected, they are not abandoned; though thrown into the furnace, they are not lost there, nor left there any longer than till the dross be separated. Though God contend long, he will not contend always. Before we close the books of the Chronicles, which contain a faithful register of events, think what desolation sin introduced into the world, nay, even into the church of God. Let us tremble at what is here recorded, while in the character of some few gracious souls, we discover that the Lord left not himself without witness. And when we have looked at this faithful portrait of man by nature, let us contrast with it that same nature, when recovered by Almighty grace, through the justifying and soul-adorning righteousness of Christ our Saviour.

Cross References

2 Chronicles 36
v22Ezra 1:1-11fulfillment

Direct textual continuity; Ezra 1 verbatim repeats the closing proclamation of Cyrus ending the exile.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v13Ezekiel 17:11-20thematic

Ezekiel's detailed prophetic indictment of Zedekiah's rebellion and oath-breaking perjury against Nebuchadnezzar.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v21Jeremiah 25:12fulfillment

Explicit fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy of seventy years of Babylonian servitude and desolation.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v21Leviticus 26:34fulfillment

Fulfillment of Moses' warning that the land would rest and enjoy its sabbaths during exile.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Parallel historical account of the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim following Josiah's death.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Prophetic lamentation for Shallum (Jehoahaz), foretelling he would die in exile and never return.

Supported by JFB

Jeremiah's scathing character portrait and denunciation of Jehoiakim's oppressive, wicked reign.

Supported by JFB

v7Daniel 1:2thematic

Confirms Nebuchadnezzar carried the temple vessels to the house of his god in Babylon.

Supported by JFB

v112 Kings 24:18-20thematic

Parallel historical account of Zedekiah's wicked reign and his rebellion against Babylon.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v62 Kings 24:1thematic

Details Nebuchadnezzar's first invasion of Judah and Jehoiakim's three-year vassalage.

Supported by JFB

v12Jeremiah 38:19thematic

Shows Zedekiah's pride and fear of men, preventing his submission to Jeremiah's counsel.

Supported by Matthew Poole

Jeremiah's prophecy regarding the remaining temple vessels being carried to Babylon until Cyrus's visitation.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v192 Kings 25:9thematic

Parallel historical account of the burning of the temple and destruction of Jerusalem's walls.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v22Isaiah 44:28fulfillment

Isaiah's predictive prophecy naming Cyrus as God's shepherd who would rebuild Jerusalem.

Supported by Matthew Henry

Genealogical record identifying Shallum as the son of Josiah, equivalent to Jehoahaz.

Supported by JFB