2 Chronicles36
New International Version
1And the people of the land took Jehoahaz son of Josiah and made him king in Jerusalem in place of his father.
2Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months.
3The king of Egypt dethroned him in Jerusalem and imposed on Judah a levy of a hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
4The king of Egypt made Eliakim, a brother of Jehoahaz, king over Judah and Jerusalem and changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. But Necho took Eliakim’s brother Jehoahaz and carried him off to Egypt.
5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord his God.
6Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon attacked him and bound him with bronze shackles to take him to Babylon.
7Nebuchadnezzar also took to Babylon articles from the temple of the Lord and put them in his temple there.
8The other events of Jehoiakim’s reign, the detestable things he did and all that was found against him, are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. And Jehoiachin his son succeeded him as king.
9Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days. He did evil in the eyes of the Lord.
10In the spring, King Nebuchadnezzar sent for him and brought him to Babylon, together with articles of value from the temple of the Lord, and he made Jehoiachin’s uncle, Zedekiah, king over Judah and Jerusalem.
11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years.
12He did evil in the eyes of the Lord his God and did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke the word of the Lord.
13He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him take an oath in God’s name. He became stiff-necked and hardened his heart and would not turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
14Furthermore, all the leaders of the priests and the people became more and more unfaithful, following all the detestable practices of the nations and defiling the temple of the Lord, which he had consecrated in Jerusalem.
15The Lord, the God of their ancestors, sent word to them through his messengers again and again, because he had pity on his people and on his dwelling place.
16But they mocked God’s messengers, despised his words and scoffed at his prophets until the wrath of the Lord was aroused against his people and there was no remedy.
17He brought up against them the king of the Babylonians, who killed their young men with the sword in the sanctuary, and did not spare young men or young women, the elderly or the infirm. God gave them all into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar.
18He carried to Babylon all the articles from the temple of God, both large and small, and the treasures of the Lord’s temple and the treasures of the king and his officials.
19They set fire to God’s temple and broke down the wall of Jerusalem; they burned all the palaces and destroyed everything of value there.
20He carried into exile to Babylon the remnant, who escaped from the sword, and they became servants to him and his successors until the kingdom of Persia came to power.
21The land enjoyed its sabbath rests; all the time of its desolation it rested, until the seventy years were completed in fulfillment of the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah.
22In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, in order to fulfill the word of the Lord spoken by Jeremiah, the Lord moved the heart of Cyrus king of Persia to make a proclamation throughout his realm and also to put it in writing:
23“This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: “‘The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth and he has appointed me to build a temple for him at Jerusalem in Judah. Any of his people among you may go up, and may the Lord their God be with them.’”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 36.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The destruction of Jerusalem. (1–21). The proclamation of Cyrus. (22, 23).
vv1-21
The ruin of Judah and Jerusalem came on by degrees. The methods God takes to call back sinners by his word, by ministers, by conscience, by providences, are all instances of his compassion toward them, and his unwillingness that any should perish. See here what woful havoc sin makes, and, as we value the comfort and continuance of our earthly blessings, let us keep that worm from the root of them. They had many times ploughed and sowed their land in the seventh year, when it should have rested, and now it lay unploughed and unsown for ten times seven years. God will be no loser in his glory at last, by the disobedience of men. If they refused to let the land rest, God would make it rest. What place, O God, shall thy justice spare, if Jerusalem has perished? If that delight of thine were cut off for wickedness, let us not be high-minded, but fear.
vv22-23
God had promised the restoring of the captives, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, at the end of seventy years; and that time to favour Zion, that set time, came at last. Though God's church be cast down, it is not cast off; though his people be corrected, they are not abandoned; though thrown into the furnace, they are not lost there, nor left there any longer than till the dross be separated. Though God contend long, he will not contend always. Before we close the books of the Chronicles, which contain a faithful register of events, think what desolation sin introduced into the world, nay, even into the church of God. Let us tremble at what is here recorded, while in the character of some few gracious souls, we discover that the Lord left not himself without witness. And when we have looked at this faithful portrait of man by nature, let us contrast with it that same nature, when recovered by Almighty grace, through the justifying and soul-adorning righteousness of Christ our Saviour.
Key Words
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
תַּחַת: the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
Cross References
2 Chronicles 36Direct textual continuity; Ezra 1 verbatim repeats the closing proclamation of Cyrus ending the exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Ezekiel's detailed prophetic indictment of Zedekiah's rebellion and oath-breaking perjury against Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy of seventy years of Babylonian servitude and desolation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of Moses' warning that the land would rest and enjoy its sabbaths during exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel historical account of the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim following Josiah's death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic lamentation for Shallum (Jehoahaz), foretelling he would die in exile and never return.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's scathing character portrait and denunciation of Jehoiakim's oppressive, wicked reign.
Supported by JFB
Confirms Nebuchadnezzar carried the temple vessels to the house of his god in Babylon.
Supported by JFB
Parallel historical account of Zedekiah's wicked reign and his rebellion against Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details Nebuchadnezzar's first invasion of Judah and Jehoiakim's three-year vassalage.
Supported by JFB
Shows Zedekiah's pride and fear of men, preventing his submission to Jeremiah's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah's prophecy regarding the remaining temple vessels being carried to Babylon until Cyrus's visitation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel historical account of the burning of the temple and destruction of Jerusalem's walls.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Isaiah's predictive prophecy naming Cyrus as God's shepherd who would rebuild Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Genealogical record identifying Shallum as the son of Josiah, equivalent to Jehoahaz.
Supported by JFB