Ezekiel17
New International Version
1The word of the Lord came to me:
2“Son of man, set forth an allegory and tell it to the Israelites as a parable.
3Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: A great eagle with powerful wings, long feathers and full plumage of varied colors came to Lebanon. Taking hold of the top of a cedar,
4he broke off its topmost shoot and carried it away to a land of merchants, where he planted it in a city of traders.
5“‘He took one of the seedlings of the land and put it in fertile soil. He planted it like a willow by abundant water,
6and it sprouted and became a low, spreading vine. Its branches turned toward him, but its roots remained under it. So it became a vine and produced branches and put out leafy boughs.
7“‘But there was another great eagle with powerful wings and full plumage. The vine now sent out its roots toward him from the plot where it was planted and stretched out its branches to him for water.
8It had been planted in good soil by abundant water so that it would produce branches, bear fruit and become a splendid vine.’
9“Say to them, ‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: Will it thrive? Will it not be uprooted and stripped of its fruit so that it withers? All its new growth will wither. It will not take a strong arm or many people to pull it up by the roots.
10It has been planted, but will it thrive? Will it not wither completely when the east wind strikes it—wither away in the plot where it grew?’”
11Then the word of the Lord came to me:
12“Say to this rebellious people, ‘Do you not know what these things mean?’ Say to them: ‘The king of Babylon went to Jerusalem and carried off her king and her nobles, bringing them back with him to Babylon.
13Then he took a member of the royal family and made a treaty with him, putting him under oath. He also carried away the leading men of the land,
14so that the kingdom would be brought low, unable to rise again, surviving only by keeping his treaty.
15But the king rebelled against him by sending his envoys to Egypt to get horses and a large army. Will he succeed? Will he who does such things escape? Will he break the treaty and yet escape?
16“‘As surely as I live, declares the Sovereign Lord, he shall die in Babylon, in the land of the king who put him on the throne, whose oath he despised and whose treaty he broke.
17Pharaoh with his mighty army and great horde will be of no help to him in war, when ramps are built and siege works erected to destroy many lives.
18He despised the oath by breaking the covenant. Because he had given his hand in pledge and yet did all these things, he shall not escape.
19“‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: As surely as I live, I will repay him for despising my oath and breaking my covenant.
20I will spread my net for him, and he will be caught in my snare. I will bring him to Babylon and execute judgment on him there because he was unfaithful to me.
21All his choice troops will fall by the sword, and the survivors will be scattered to the winds. Then you will know that I the Lord have spoken.
22“‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: I myself will take a shoot from the very top of a cedar and plant it; I will break off a tender sprig from its topmost shoots and plant it on a high and lofty mountain.
23On the mountain heights of Israel I will plant it; it will produce branches and bear fruit and become a splendid cedar. Birds of every kind will nest in it; they will find shelter in the shade of its branches.
24All the trees of the forest will know that I the Lord bring down the tall tree and make the low tree grow tall. I dry up the green tree and make the dry tree flourish. “‘I the Lord have spoken, and I will do it.’”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A parable relative to the Jewish nation. (1-10). to which an explanation is added. (11-21). A direct promise of the Messiah. (22-24).
vv1-10
Mighty conquerors are aptly likened to birds or beasts of prey, but their destructive passions are overruled to forward God's designs. Those who depart from God, only vary their crimes by changing one carnal confidence for another, and never will prosper.
vv11-21
The parable is explained, and the particulars of the history of the Jewish nation at that time may be traced. Zedekiah had been ungrateful to his benefactor, which is a sin against God. In every solemn oath, God is appealed to as a witness of the sincerity of him that swears. Truth is a debt owing to all men. If the professors of the true religion deal treacherously with those of a false religion, their profession makes their sin the worse; and God will the more surely and severely punish it. The Lord will not hold those guiltless who take his name in vain; and no man shall escape the righteous judgment of God who dies under unrepented guilt.
vv22-24
The unbelief of man shall not make the promise of God of none effect. The parable of a tree, used in the threatening, is here presented in the promise. It appears only applicable to Jesus, the Son of David, the Messiah of God. The kingdom of Satan, which has borne so long, so large a sway, shall be broken, and the kingdom of Christ, which was looked upon with contempt, shall be established. Blessed be God, our Redeemer is seen even by the ends of the earth. We may find refuge from the wrath to come, and from every enemy and danger, under his shadow; and believers are fruitful in him.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
חוּד: properly, to tie a knot, i.e. (figuratively) to propound a riddle
חִידָה: a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim
מָשַׁל: to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble
מָשָׁל: properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
Cross References
Ezekiel 17Historical record of Zedekiah's rebellion and breaking the oath he made by God to Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the metaphor of the vine bending roots to Egypt, seeking Pharaoh's military intervention.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Messianic prophecy of the tender branch/rod from the stem of Jesse, corresponding to Ezekiel's cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The promise of raising to David a righteous Branch, matching the planting of the tender high cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ's mustard seed parable echoes the birds dwelling under the shadow of the great cedar's branches.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah also depicts the king of Babylon as an eagle flying swiftly over his prey.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Nebuchadnezzar making Mattaniah (Zedekiah) king over Judea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The destructive east wind that dries up the vine's spring and water source.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the descriptive language of Egypt being reduced to a base, low-stature kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records Zedekiah being bound in chains and brought to Babylon, where he died as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Ezekiel's earlier metaphor of spreading His net upon Zedekiah, who is taken to Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The capture of Jerusalem, Jehoiachin, and the elites, matching the eagle cropping the cedar's top.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Illustrates the rapid growth of the willow tree beside abundant flowing waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The prophet's own literal explanation of the second eagle as Zedekiah sending ambassadors to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Concretely identifies Nebuchadnezzar setting up Zedekiah as king in place of Coniah (Jehoiachin).
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic warning of God's curse consuming the house of whoever swears falsely by His name.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Lamentations refers to the captured king as the breath of our nostrils taken in their pits.
Supported by JFB
The cosmic tree metaphor, where beasts find shadow and birds dwell in its boughs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel uses the same image of a towering Assyrian cedar with high top branches.
Supported by JFB
Sparing no words for those who swear falsely and make covenants with empty oaths.
Supported by John Calvin
Law forbidding Israel's king to multiply horses or cause the people to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mountain of the height of Israel is identified as God's holy mountain of worship.
Supported by JFB