Jeremiah23
New International Version
1“Woe to the shepherds who are destroying and scattering the sheep of my pasture!” declares the Lord.
2Therefore this is what the Lord, the God of Israel, says to the shepherds who tend my people: “Because you have scattered my flock and driven them away and have not bestowed care on them, I will bestow punishment on you for the evil you have done,” declares the Lord.
3“I myself will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries where I have driven them and will bring them back to their pasture, where they will be fruitful and increase in number.
4I will place shepherds over them who will tend them, and they will no longer be afraid or terrified, nor will any be missing,” declares the Lord.
5“The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will raise up for David a righteous Branch, a King who will reign wisely and do what is just and right in the land.
6In his days Judah will be saved and Israel will live in safety. This is the name by which he will be called: The Lord Our Righteous Savior.
7“So then, the days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when people will no longer say, ‘As surely as the Lord lives, who brought the Israelites up out of Egypt,’
8but they will say, ‘As surely as the Lord lives, who brought the descendants of Israel up out of the land of the north and out of all the countries where he had banished them.’ Then they will live in their own land.”
9Concerning the prophets: My heart is broken within me; all my bones tremble. I am like a drunken man, like a strong man overcome by wine, because of the Lord and his holy words.
10The land is full of adulterers; because of the curse the land lies parched and the pastures in the wilderness are withered. The prophets follow an evil course and use their power unjustly.
11“Both prophet and priest are godless; even in my temple I find their wickedness,” declares the Lord.
12“Therefore their path will become slippery; they will be banished to darkness and there they will fall. I will bring disaster on them in the year they are punished,” declares the Lord.
13“Among the prophets of Samaria I saw this repulsive thing: They prophesied by Baal and led my people Israel astray.
14And among the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen something horrible: They commit adultery and live a lie. They strengthen the hands of evildoers, so that not one of them turns from their wickedness. They are all like Sodom to me; the people of Jerusalem are like Gomorrah.”
15Therefore this is what the Lord Almighty says concerning the prophets: “I will make them eat bitter food and drink poisoned water, because from the prophets of Jerusalem ungodliness has spread throughout the land.”
16This is what the Lord Almighty says: “Do not listen to what the prophets are prophesying to you; they fill you with false hopes. They speak visions from their own minds, not from the mouth of the Lord.
17They keep saying to those who despise me, ‘The Lord says: You will have peace.’ And to all who follow the stubbornness of their hearts they say, ‘No harm will come to you.’
18But which of them has stood in the council of the Lord to see or to hear his word? Who has listened and heard his word?
19See, the storm of the Lord will burst out in wrath, a whirlwind swirling down on the heads of the wicked.
20The anger of the Lord will not turn back until he fully accomplishes the purposes of his heart. In days to come you will understand it clearly.
21I did not send these prophets, yet they have run with their message; I did not speak to them, yet they have prophesied.
22But if they had stood in my council, they would have proclaimed my words to my people and would have turned them from their evil ways and from their evil deeds.
23“Am I only a God nearby,” declares the Lord, “and not a God far away?
24Who can hide in secret places so that I cannot see them?” declares the Lord. “Do not I fill heaven and earth?” declares the Lord.
25“I have heard what the prophets say who prophesy lies in my name. They say, ‘I had a dream! I had a dream!’
26How long will this continue in the hearts of these lying prophets, who prophesy the delusions of their own minds?
27They think the dreams they tell one another will make my people forget my name, just as their ancestors forgot my name through Baal worship.
28Let the prophet who has a dream recount the dream, but let the one who has my word speak it faithfully. For what has straw to do with grain?” declares the Lord.
29“Is not my word like fire,” declares the Lord, “and like a hammer that breaks a rock in pieces?
30“Therefore,” declares the Lord, “I am against the prophets who steal from one another words supposedly from me.
31Yes,” declares the Lord, “I am against the prophets who wag their own tongues and yet declare, ‘The Lord declares.’
32Indeed, I am against those who prophesy false dreams,” declares the Lord. “They tell them and lead my people astray with their reckless lies, yet I did not send or appoint them. They do not benefit these people in the least,” declares the Lord.
33“When these people, or a prophet or a priest, ask you, ‘What is the message from the Lord?’ say to them, ‘What message? I will forsake you, declares the Lord.’
34If a prophet or a priest or anyone else claims, ‘This is a message from the Lord,’ I will punish them and their household.
35This is what each of you keeps saying to your friends and other Israelites: ‘What is the Lord’s answer?’ or ‘What has the Lord spoken?’
36But you must not mention ‘a message from the Lord’ again, because each one’s word becomes their own message. So you distort the words of the living God, the Lord Almighty, our God.
37This is what you keep saying to a prophet: ‘What is the Lord’s answer to you?’ or ‘What has the Lord spoken?’
38Although you claim, ‘This is a message from the Lord,’ this is what the Lord says: You used the words, ‘This is a message from the Lord,’ even though I told you that you must not claim, ‘This is a message from the Lord.’
39Therefore, I will surely forget you and cast you out of my presence along with the city I gave to you and your ancestors.
40I will bring on you everlasting disgrace—everlasting shame that will not be forgotten.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The restoration of the Jews to their own land. (1-8). The wickedness of the priests and prophets of Judah, The people exhorted not to listen to false promises. (9-22). The pretenders to inspiration threatened. (23-32). Also the scoffers at true prophecy. (33-40).
vv1-8
Woe be to those who are set to feed God's people, but take no concern to do them good! Here is a word of comfort to the neglected sheep. Though only a remnant of God's flock is left, he will find them out, and they shall be brought to their former habitations. Christ is spoken of as a branch from David's family. He is righteous himself, and through him all his people are made righteous. Christ shall break the usurped power of Satan. All the spiritual seed of believing Abraham and praying Jacob shall be protected, and shall be saved from the guilt and dominion of sin. In the days of Christ's government in the soul, the soul dwells at ease. He is here spoken of as "the Lord our Righteousness." He is so our Righteousness as no creature could be. His obedience unto death is the justifying righteousness of believers, and their title to heavenly happiness. And their sanctification, as the source of all their personal obedience is the effect of their union with him, and of the supply of this Spirit. By this name every true believer shall call him, and call upon him. We have nothing to plead but this, Christ has died, yea, rather is risen again; and we have taken him for our Lord. This righteousness which he has wrought out to the satisfaction of law and justice, becomes ours; being a free gift given to us, through the Spirit of God, who puts it upon us, clothes us with it, enables us to lay hold upon it, and claim an interest in it. "The Lord our Righteousness" is a sweet name to a convinced sinner; to one that has felt the guilt of sin in his conscience; seen his need of that righteousness, and the worth of it. This great salvation is far more glorious than all former deliverances of his church. May our souls be gathered to Him, and be found in him.
vv9-22
The false prophets of Samaria had deluded the Israelites into idolatries; yet the Lord considered the false prophets of Jerusalem as guilty of more horrible wickedness, by which the people were made bold in sin. These false teachers would be compelled to suffer the most bitter part of the Lord's indignation. They made themselves believe that there was no harm in sin, and practised accordingly; then they made others believe so. Those who are resolved to go on in evil ways, will justly be given up to believe strong delusions. But which of them had received any revelation of God, or understood any thing of his word? There was a time coming when they would reflect on their folly and unbelief with remorse. The teaching and example of the true prophets led men to repentance, faith, and righteousness. The false prophets led men to rest in forms and notions, and to be quiet in their sins. Let us take heed that we do not follow unrighteousness.
vv23-32
Men cannot be hidden from God's all-seeing eye. Will they never see what judgments they prepare for themselves? Let them consider what a vast difference there is between these prophecies and those delivered by the true prophets of the Lord. Let them not call their foolish dreams Divine oracles. The promises of peace these prophets make are no more to be compared to God's promises than chaff to wheat. The unhumbled heart of man is like a rock; if not melted by the word of God as a fire, it will be broken to pieces by it as a hammer. How can they be long safe, or at all easy, who have a God of almighty power against them? The word of God is no smooth, lulling, deceitful message. And by its faithfulness it may certainly be distinguished from false doctrines.
Key Words
הוֹי: oh!
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
אָבַד: properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
פּוּץ: to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)
צֹאן: a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מִרְעִית: pasturage; concretely, a flock
נְאֻם: an oracle
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
כַּלְנֶה: Calneh or Calno, a place in the Assyrian empire
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Jeremiah 23Direct parallel prophecy of the 'righteous Branch' raised up to David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Repeated promise of gathering and restoring the sheep from all countries of dispersion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Verbatim repetition of the oath that the new deliverance will eclipse the Exodus.
Supported by JFB
Ezekiel's sister prophecy of God setting up one shepherd (David) to feed them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus fulfills the promise that His sheep shall never perish or be lacking.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament fulfillment identifying Christ Himself as our righteousness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ezekiel's corresponding woe against the selfish pastors of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Messiah's work described using the same root Hebrew word for 'prosper'.
Supported by JFB
Moses' blessing echoed in the promise that Israel shall 'dwell safely'.
Supported by JFB
Internal contrast defining what happens if a prophet actually stands in God's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeated imagery of the whirlwind of the Lord's fury falling on the wicked.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal link on the double sense of God 'visiting' sins.
Supported by JFB
The wicked set in 'slippery places' where they will slide into ruin.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel judgment of feeding a corrupt people with wormwood and gall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal link reinforcing that false prophets speak from their own hearts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast with the pagan error that God is only a local deity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Celebrates God's omnipresence; none can hide from His spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The horrible joint corruption of prophets and priests in the land.
Supported by Matthew Henry