Jeremiah23
New American Standard
1“Woe to the shepherds who are causing the sheep of My pasture to perish and are scattering them!” declares the Lord.
2Therefore this is what the Lord, the God of Israel says concerning the shepherds who are tending My people: “You have scattered My flock and driven them away, and have not been concerned about them; behold, I am going to call you to account for the evil of your deeds,” declares the Lord.
3“Then I Myself will gather the remnant of My flock out of all the countries where I have driven them, and bring them back to their pasture, and they will be fruitful and multiply.
4I will also raise up shepherds over them and they will tend them; and they will not be afraid any longer, nor be terrified, nor will any be missing,” declares the Lord.
5“Behold, the days are coming,” declares the Lord, “When I will raise up for David a righteous Branch; And He will reign as king and act wisely And do justice and righteousness in the land.
6In His days Judah will be saved, And Israel will live securely; And this is His name by which He will be called, ‘The Lord Our Righteousness.’
7“Therefore behold, the days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when they will no longer say, ‘As the Lord lives, who brought the sons of Israel up from the land of Egypt,’
8but, ‘As the Lord lives, who brought up and led the descendants of the household of Israel back from the north land and from all the countries where I had driven them.’ Then they will live on their own soil.”
9As for the prophets: My heart is broken within me, All my bones tremble; I have become like a drunken man, And like a man overcome by wine, Because of the Lord And because of His holy words.
10For the land is full of adulterers; For the land mourns because of the curse. The pastures of the wilderness have dried up. Their course is evil And their might is not right.
11“For both prophet and priest are defiled; Even in My house I have found their wickedness,” declares the Lord.
12“Therefore their way will be like slippery paths to them, They will be driven away into the gloom and fall down in it; For I will bring disaster upon them, The year of their punishment,” declares the Lord.
13“Moreover, among the prophets of Samaria I saw an offensive thing: They prophesied by Baal and led My people Israel astray.
14Also among the prophets of Jerusalem I have seen a horrible thing: The committing of adultery and walking in deceit; And they strengthen the hands of evildoers, So that no one has turned back from his wickedness. All of them have become to Me like Sodom, And her inhabitants like Gomorrah.
15Therefore this is what the Lord of armies says concerning the prophets: ‘Behold, I am going to feed them wormwood And make them drink poisonous water, For from the prophets of Jerusalem Ungodliness has spread into all the land.’”
16This is what the Lord of armies says: “Do not listen to the words of the prophets who are prophesying to you. They are leading you into futility; They tell a vision of their own imagination, Not from the mouth of the Lord.
17They keep saying to those who despise Me, ‘The Lord has said, “You will have peace”’; And as for everyone who walks in the stubbornness of his own heart, They say, ‘Disaster will not come on you.’
18But who has stood in the council of the Lord, That he should see and hear His word? Who has paid attention to His word and listened?
19Behold, the storm of the Lord has gone forth in wrath, Even a whirling tempest; It will swirl down on the head of the wicked.
20The anger of the Lord will not turn back Until He has performed and carried out the purposes of His heart; In the last days you will clearly understand it.
21I did not send these prophets, But they ran. I did not speak to them, But they prophesied.
22But if they had stood in My council, Then they would have announced My words to My people, And would have turned them back from their evil way And from the evil of their deeds.
23“Am I a God who is near,” declares the Lord, “And not a God far off?
24Can a person hide himself in hiding places So that I do not see him?” declares the Lord. “Do I not fill the heavens and the earth?” declares the Lord.
25“I have heard what the prophets have said who prophesy falsely in My name, saying, ‘I had a dream, I had a dream!’
26How long? Is there anything in the hearts of the prophets who prophesy falsehood, these prophets of the deceitfulness of their own heart,
27who intend to make My people forget My name by their dreams which they report to one another, just as their fathers forgot My name because of Baal?
28The prophet who has a dream may report his dream, but let him who has My word speak My word truthfully. What does straw have in common with grain?” declares the Lord.
29“Is My word not like fire?” declares the Lord, “and like a hammer which shatters a rock?
30Therefore behold, I am against the prophets,” declares the Lord, “who steal My words from each other.
31Behold, I am against the prophets,” declares the Lord, “who use their tongues and declare, ‘The Lord declares!’
32Behold, I am against those who have prophesied false dreams,” declares the Lord, “and reported them and led My people astray by their lies and reckless boasting; yet I did not send them nor command them, nor do they provide this people the slightest benefit,” declares the Lord.
33“Now when this people or the prophet or a priest asks you, saying, ‘What is the pronouncement of the Lord?’ then you shall say to them, ‘What pronouncement?’ The Lord declares, ‘I will abandon you.’
34Then as for the prophet or the priest or the people who say, ‘The pronouncement of the Lord,’ I will bring punishment upon that person and his household.
35This is what each one of you will say to his neighbor and to his brother: ‘What has the Lord answered?’ or, ‘What has the Lord spoken?’
36For you will no longer remember the pronouncement of the Lord, because every person’s own word will become the pronouncement, and you have perverted the words of the living God, the Lord of armies, our God.
37This is what you will say to that prophet: ‘What has the Lord answered you?’ and, ‘What has the Lord spoken?’
38And if you say, ‘The pronouncement of the Lord!’ for that reason the Lord says this: ‘Because you said this word, “The pronouncement of the Lord!” I have also sent word to you, saying, “You shall not say, ‘The pronouncement of the Lord!’”’
39Therefore behold, I will certainly forget you and thrust you away from My presence, along with the city which I gave you and your fathers.
40I will put an everlasting disgrace on you and an everlasting humiliation which will not be forgotten.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The restoration of the Jews to their own land. (1-8). The wickedness of the priests and prophets of Judah, The people exhorted not to listen to false promises. (9-22). The pretenders to inspiration threatened. (23-32). Also the scoffers at true prophecy. (33-40).
vv1-8
Woe be to those who are set to feed God's people, but take no concern to do them good! Here is a word of comfort to the neglected sheep. Though only a remnant of God's flock is left, he will find them out, and they shall be brought to their former habitations. Christ is spoken of as a branch from David's family. He is righteous himself, and through him all his people are made righteous. Christ shall break the usurped power of Satan. All the spiritual seed of believing Abraham and praying Jacob shall be protected, and shall be saved from the guilt and dominion of sin. In the days of Christ's government in the soul, the soul dwells at ease. He is here spoken of as "the Lord our Righteousness." He is so our Righteousness as no creature could be. His obedience unto death is the justifying righteousness of believers, and their title to heavenly happiness. And their sanctification, as the source of all their personal obedience is the effect of their union with him, and of the supply of this Spirit. By this name every true believer shall call him, and call upon him. We have nothing to plead but this, Christ has died, yea, rather is risen again; and we have taken him for our Lord. This righteousness which he has wrought out to the satisfaction of law and justice, becomes ours; being a free gift given to us, through the Spirit of God, who puts it upon us, clothes us with it, enables us to lay hold upon it, and claim an interest in it. "The Lord our Righteousness" is a sweet name to a convinced sinner; to one that has felt the guilt of sin in his conscience; seen his need of that righteousness, and the worth of it. This great salvation is far more glorious than all former deliverances of his church. May our souls be gathered to Him, and be found in him.
vv9-22
The false prophets of Samaria had deluded the Israelites into idolatries; yet the Lord considered the false prophets of Jerusalem as guilty of more horrible wickedness, by which the people were made bold in sin. These false teachers would be compelled to suffer the most bitter part of the Lord's indignation. They made themselves believe that there was no harm in sin, and practised accordingly; then they made others believe so. Those who are resolved to go on in evil ways, will justly be given up to believe strong delusions. But which of them had received any revelation of God, or understood any thing of his word? There was a time coming when they would reflect on their folly and unbelief with remorse. The teaching and example of the true prophets led men to repentance, faith, and righteousness. The false prophets led men to rest in forms and notions, and to be quiet in their sins. Let us take heed that we do not follow unrighteousness.
vv23-32
Men cannot be hidden from God's all-seeing eye. Will they never see what judgments they prepare for themselves? Let them consider what a vast difference there is between these prophecies and those delivered by the true prophets of the Lord. Let them not call their foolish dreams Divine oracles. The promises of peace these prophets make are no more to be compared to God's promises than chaff to wheat. The unhumbled heart of man is like a rock; if not melted by the word of God as a fire, it will be broken to pieces by it as a hammer. How can they be long safe, or at all easy, who have a God of almighty power against them? The word of God is no smooth, lulling, deceitful message. And by its faithfulness it may certainly be distinguished from false doctrines.
Key Words
הוֹי: oh!
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
אָבַד: properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
פּוּץ: to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)
צֹאן: a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מִרְעִית: pasturage; concretely, a flock
נְאֻם: an oracle
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
כַּלְנֶה: Calneh or Calno, a place in the Assyrian empire
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Jeremiah 23Direct parallel prophecy of the 'righteous Branch' raised up to David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Repeated promise of gathering and restoring the sheep from all countries of dispersion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Verbatim repetition of the oath that the new deliverance will eclipse the Exodus.
Supported by JFB
Ezekiel's sister prophecy of God setting up one shepherd (David) to feed them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus fulfills the promise that His sheep shall never perish or be lacking.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament fulfillment identifying Christ Himself as our righteousness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ezekiel's corresponding woe against the selfish pastors of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Messiah's work described using the same root Hebrew word for 'prosper'.
Supported by JFB
Moses' blessing echoed in the promise that Israel shall 'dwell safely'.
Supported by JFB
Internal contrast defining what happens if a prophet actually stands in God's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeated imagery of the whirlwind of the Lord's fury falling on the wicked.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal link on the double sense of God 'visiting' sins.
Supported by JFB
The wicked set in 'slippery places' where they will slide into ruin.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel judgment of feeding a corrupt people with wormwood and gall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal link reinforcing that false prophets speak from their own hearts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast with the pagan error that God is only a local deity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Celebrates God's omnipresence; none can hide from His spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The horrible joint corruption of prophets and priests in the land.
Supported by Matthew Henry