Jeremiah23
American Standard Version · Public Domain
1Woe unto the shepherds that destroy and scatter the sheep of my pasture! saith Jehovah.
2Therefore thus saith Jehovah, the God of Israel, against the shepherds that feed my people: Ye have scattered my flock, and driven them away, and have not visited them; behold, I will visit upon you the evil of your doings, saith Jehovah.
3And I will gather the remnant of my flock out of all the countries whither I have driven them, and will bring them again to their folds; and they shall be fruitful and multiply.
4And I will set up shepherds over them, who shall feed them; and they shall fear no more, nor be dismayed, neither shall any be lacking, saith Jehovah.
5Behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that I will raise unto David a righteous Branch, and he shall reign as king and deal wisely, and shall execute justice and righteousness in the land.
6In his days Judah shall be saved, and Israel shall dwell safely; and this is his name whereby he shall be called: Jehovah our righteousness.
7Therefore, behold, the days come, saith Jehovah, that they shall no more say, As Jehovah liveth, who brought up the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt;
8but, As Jehovah liveth, who brought up and who led the seed of the house of Israel out of the north country, and from all the countries whither I had driven them. And they shall dwell in their own land.
9Concerning the prophets. My heart within me is broken, all my bones shake; I am like a drunken man, and like a man whom wine hath overcome, because of Jehovah, and because of his holy words.
10For the land is full of adulterers; for because of swearing the land mourneth; the pastures of the wilderness are dried up. And their course is evil, and their might is not right;
11for both prophet and priest are profane; yea, in my house have I found their wickedness, saith Jehovah.
12Wherefore their way shall be unto them as slippery places in the darkness: they shall be driven on, and fall therein; for I will bring evil upon them, even the year of their visitation, saith Jehovah.
13And I have seen folly in the prophets of Samaria; they prophesied by Baal, and caused my people Israel to err.
14In the prophets of Jerusalem also I have seen a horrible thing: they commit adultery, and walk in lies; and they strengthen the hands of evil-doers, so that none doth return from his wickedness: they are all of them become unto me as Sodom, and the inhabitants thereof as Gomorrah.
15Therefore thus saith Jehovah of hosts concerning the prophets: Behold, I will feed them with wormwood, and make them drink the water of gall; for from the prophets of Jerusalem is ungodliness gone forth into all the land.
16Thus saith Jehovah of hosts, Hearken not unto the words of the prophets that prophesy unto you: they teach you vanity; they speak a vision of their own heart, and not out of the mouth of Jehovah.
17They say continually unto them that despise me, Jehovah hath said, Ye shall have peace; and unto every one that walketh in the stubbornness of his own heart they say, No evil shall come upon you.
18For who hath stood in the council of Jehovah, that he should perceive and hear his word? who hath marked my word, and heard it?
19Behold, the tempest of Jehovah, even his wrath, is gone forth, yea, a whirling tempest: it shall burst upon the head of the wicked.
20The anger of Jehovah shall not return, until he have executed, and till he have performed the intents of his heart: in the latter days ye shall understand it perfectly.
21I sent not these prophets, yet they ran: I spake not unto them, yet they prophesied.
22But if they had stood in my council, then had they caused my people to hear my words, and had turned them from their evil way, and from the evil of their doings.
23Am I a God at hand, saith Jehovah, and not a God afar off?
24Can any hide himself in secret places so that I shall not see him? saith Jehovah. Do not I fill heaven and earth? saith Jehovah.
25I have heard what the prophets have said, that prophesy lies in my name, saying, I have dreamed, I have dreamed.
26How long shall this be in the heart of the prophets that prophesy lies, even the prophets of the deceit of their own heart?
27that think to cause my people to forget my name by their dreams which they tell every man to his neighbor, as their fathers forgat my name for Baal.
28The prophet that hath a dream, let him tell a dream; and he that hath my word, let him speak my word faithfully. What is the straw to the wheat? saith Jehovah.
29Is not my word like fire? saith Jehovah; and like a hammer that breaketh the rock in pieces?
30Therefore, behold, I am against the prophets, saith Jehovah, that steal my words every one from his neighbor.
31Behold, I am against the prophets, saith Jehovah, that use their tongues, and say, He saith.
32Behold, I am against them that prophesy lying dreams, saith Jehovah, and do tell them, and cause my people to err by their lies, and by their vain boasting: yet I sent them not, nor commanded them; neither do they profit this people at all, saith Jehovah.
33And when this people, or the prophet, or a priest, shall ask thee, saying, What is the burden of Jehovah? then shalt thou say unto them, What burden! I will cast you off, saith Jehovah.
34And as for the prophet, and the priest, and the people, that shall say, The burden of Jehovah, I will even punish that man and his house.
35Thus shall ye say every one to his neighbor, and every one to his brother, What hath Jehovah answered? and, What hath Jehovah spoken?
36And the burden of Jehovah shall ye mention no more: for every man’s own word shall be his burden; for ye have perverted the words of the living God, of Jehovah of hosts our God.
37Thus shalt thou say to the prophet, What hath Jehovah answered thee? and, What hath Jehovah spoken?
38But if ye say, The burden of Jehovah; therefore thus saith Jehovah: Because ye say this word, The burden of Jehovah, and I have sent unto you, saying, Ye shall not say, The burden of Jehovah;
39therefore, behold, I will utterly forget you, and I will cast you off, and the city that I gave unto you and to your fathers, away from my presence:
40and I will bring an everlasting reproach upon you, and a perpetual shame, which shall not be forgotten.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 23.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The restoration of the Jews to their own land. (1-8). The wickedness of the priests and prophets of Judah, The people exhorted not to listen to false promises. (9-22). The pretenders to inspiration threatened. (23-32). Also the scoffers at true prophecy. (33-40).
vv1-8
Woe be to those who are set to feed God's people, but take no concern to do them good! Here is a word of comfort to the neglected sheep. Though only a remnant of God's flock is left, he will find them out, and they shall be brought to their former habitations. Christ is spoken of as a branch from David's family. He is righteous himself, and through him all his people are made righteous. Christ shall break the usurped power of Satan. All the spiritual seed of believing Abraham and praying Jacob shall be protected, and shall be saved from the guilt and dominion of sin. In the days of Christ's government in the soul, the soul dwells at ease. He is here spoken of as "the Lord our Righteousness." He is so our Righteousness as no creature could be. His obedience unto death is the justifying righteousness of believers, and their title to heavenly happiness. And their sanctification, as the source of all their personal obedience is the effect of their union with him, and of the supply of this Spirit. By this name every true believer shall call him, and call upon him. We have nothing to plead but this, Christ has died, yea, rather is risen again; and we have taken him for our Lord. This righteousness which he has wrought out to the satisfaction of law and justice, becomes ours; being a free gift given to us, through the Spirit of God, who puts it upon us, clothes us with it, enables us to lay hold upon it, and claim an interest in it. "The Lord our Righteousness" is a sweet name to a convinced sinner; to one that has felt the guilt of sin in his conscience; seen his need of that righteousness, and the worth of it. This great salvation is far more glorious than all former deliverances of his church. May our souls be gathered to Him, and be found in him.
vv9-22
The false prophets of Samaria had deluded the Israelites into idolatries; yet the Lord considered the false prophets of Jerusalem as guilty of more horrible wickedness, by which the people were made bold in sin. These false teachers would be compelled to suffer the most bitter part of the Lord's indignation. They made themselves believe that there was no harm in sin, and practised accordingly; then they made others believe so. Those who are resolved to go on in evil ways, will justly be given up to believe strong delusions. But which of them had received any revelation of God, or understood any thing of his word? There was a time coming when they would reflect on their folly and unbelief with remorse. The teaching and example of the true prophets led men to repentance, faith, and righteousness. The false prophets led men to rest in forms and notions, and to be quiet in their sins. Let us take heed that we do not follow unrighteousness.
vv23-32
Men cannot be hidden from God's all-seeing eye. Will they never see what judgments they prepare for themselves? Let them consider what a vast difference there is between these prophecies and those delivered by the true prophets of the Lord. Let them not call their foolish dreams Divine oracles. The promises of peace these prophets make are no more to be compared to God's promises than chaff to wheat. The unhumbled heart of man is like a rock; if not melted by the word of God as a fire, it will be broken to pieces by it as a hammer. How can they be long safe, or at all easy, who have a God of almighty power against them? The word of God is no smooth, lulling, deceitful message. And by its faithfulness it may certainly be distinguished from false doctrines.
Key Words
הוֹי: oh!
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
אָבַד: properly, to wander away, i.e. lose oneself; by implication to perish (causative, destroy)
פּוּץ: to dash in pieces, literally or figuratively (especially to disperse)
צֹאן: a collective name for a flock (of sheep or goats); also figuratively (of men)
מִרְעִית: pasturage; concretely, a flock
נְאֻם: an oracle
כֵּן: properly, set upright; hence (figuratively as adjective) just; but usually (as adverb or conjunction) rightly or so (in various applications to manner, time and relation; often with other particles)
כַּלְנֶה: Calneh or Calno, a place in the Assyrian empire
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
Cross References
Jeremiah 23Direct parallel prophecy of the 'righteous Branch' raised up to David.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Repeated promise of gathering and restoring the sheep from all countries of dispersion.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Verbatim repetition of the oath that the new deliverance will eclipse the Exodus.
Supported by JFB
Ezekiel's sister prophecy of God setting up one shepherd (David) to feed them.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Jesus fulfills the promise that His sheep shall never perish or be lacking.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB
New Testament fulfillment identifying Christ Himself as our righteousness.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Ezekiel's corresponding woe against the selfish pastors of Israel.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Messiah's work described using the same root Hebrew word for 'prosper'.
Supported by JFB
Moses' blessing echoed in the promise that Israel shall 'dwell safely'.
Supported by JFB
Internal contrast defining what happens if a prophet actually stands in God's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Repeated imagery of the whirlwind of the Lord's fury falling on the wicked.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal link on the double sense of God 'visiting' sins.
Supported by JFB
The wicked set in 'slippery places' where they will slide into ruin.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel judgment of feeding a corrupt people with wormwood and gall.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Internal link reinforcing that false prophets speak from their own hearts.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast with the pagan error that God is only a local deity.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Celebrates God's omnipresence; none can hide from His spirit.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The horrible joint corruption of prophets and priests in the land.
Supported by Matthew Henry