Ezekiel17
King James Version · Public Domain
1And the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,
2Son of man, put forth a riddle, and speak a parable unto the house of Israel;
3And say, Thus saith the Lord God; A great eagle with great wings, longwinged, full of feathers, which had divers colours, came unto Lebanon, and took the highest branch of the cedar:
4He cropped off the top of his young twigs, and carried it into a land of traffick; he set it in a city of merchants.
5He took also of the seed of the land, and planted it in a fruitful field; he placed it by great waters, and set it as a willow tree.
6And it grew, and became a spreading vine of low stature, whose branches turned toward him, and the roots thereof were under him: so it became a vine, and brought forth branches, and shot forth sprigs.
7There was also another great eagle with great wings and many feathers: and, behold, this vine did bend her roots toward him, and shot forth her branches toward him, that he might water it by the furrows of her plantation.
8It was planted in a good soil by great waters, that it might bring forth branches, and that it might bear fruit, that it might be a goodly vine.
9Say thou, Thus saith the Lord God; Shall it prosper? shall he not pull up the roots thereof, and cut off the fruit thereof, that it wither? it shall wither in all the leaves of her spring, even without great power or many people to pluck it up by the roots thereof.
10Yea, behold, being planted, shall it prosper? shall it not utterly wither, when the east wind toucheth it? it shall wither in the furrows where it grew.
11Moreover the word of the Lord came unto me, saying,
12Say now to the rebellious house, Know ye not what these things mean? tell them, Behold, the king of Babylon is come to Jerusalem, and hath taken the king thereof, and the princes thereof, and led them with him to Babylon;
13And hath taken of the king's seed, and made a covenant with him, and hath taken an oath of him: he hath also taken the mighty of the land:
14That the kingdom might be base, that it might not lift itself up, but that by keeping of his covenant it might stand.
15But he rebelled against him in sending his ambassadors into Egypt, that they might give him horses and much people. Shall he prosper? shall he escape that doeth such things? or shall he break the covenant, and be delivered?
16As I live, saith the Lord God, surely in the place where the king dwelleth that made him king, whose oath he despised, and whose covenant he brake, even with him in the midst of Babylon he shall die.
17Neither shall Pharaoh with his mighty army and great company make for him in the war, by casting up mounts, and building forts, to cut off many persons:
18Seeing he despised the oath by breaking the covenant, when, lo, he had given his hand, and hath done all these things, he shall not escape.
19Therefore thus saith the Lord God; As I live, surely mine oath that he hath despised, and my covenant that he hath broken, even it will I recompense upon his own head.
20And I will spread my net upon him, and he shall be taken in my snare, and I will bring him to Babylon, and will plead with him there for his trespass that he hath trespassed against me.
21And all his fugitives with all his bands shall fall by the sword, and they that remain shall be scattered toward all winds: and ye shall know that I the Lord have spoken it.
22Thus saith the Lord God; I will also take of the highest branch of the high cedar, and will set it; I will crop off from the top of his young twigs a tender one, and will plant it upon an high mountain and eminent:
23In the mountain of the height of Israel will I plant it: and it shall bring forth boughs, and bear fruit, and be a goodly cedar: and under it shall dwell all fowl of every wing; in the shadow of the branches thereof shall they dwell.
24And all the trees of the field shall know that I the Lord have brought down the high tree, have exalted the low tree, have dried up the green tree, and have made the dry tree to flourish: I the Lord have spoken and have done it.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 17.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: A parable relative to the Jewish nation. (1-10). to which an explanation is added. (11-21). A direct promise of the Messiah. (22-24).
vv1-10
Mighty conquerors are aptly likened to birds or beasts of prey, but their destructive passions are overruled to forward God's designs. Those who depart from God, only vary their crimes by changing one carnal confidence for another, and never will prosper.
vv11-21
The parable is explained, and the particulars of the history of the Jewish nation at that time may be traced. Zedekiah had been ungrateful to his benefactor, which is a sin against God. In every solemn oath, God is appealed to as a witness of the sincerity of him that swears. Truth is a debt owing to all men. If the professors of the true religion deal treacherously with those of a false religion, their profession makes their sin the worse; and God will the more surely and severely punish it. The Lord will not hold those guiltless who take his name in vain; and no man shall escape the righteous judgment of God who dies under unrepented guilt.
vv22-24
The unbelief of man shall not make the promise of God of none effect. The parable of a tree, used in the threatening, is here presented in the promise. It appears only applicable to Jesus, the Son of David, the Messiah of God. The kingdom of Satan, which has borne so long, so large a sway, shall be broken, and the kingdom of Christ, which was looked upon with contempt, shall be established. Blessed be God, our Redeemer is seen even by the ends of the earth. We may find refuge from the wrath to come, and from every enemy and danger, under his shadow; and believers are fruitful in him.
Key Words
דָּבָר: a word; by implication, a matter (as spoken of) or thing; adverbially, a cause
אָמַר: to say (used with great latitude)
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
אָדָם: ruddy i.e. a human being (an individual or the species, mankind, etc.)
חוּד: properly, to tie a knot, i.e. (figuratively) to propound a riddle
חִידָה: a puzzle, hence, a trick, conundrum, sententious maxim
מָשַׁל: to liken, i.e. (transitively) to use figurative language (an allegory, adage, song or the like); intransitively, to resemble
מָשָׁל: properly, a pithy maxim, usually of metaphorical nature; hence, a simile (as an adage, poem, discourse)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
יִשְׂרָאֵל: Jisrael, a symbolical name of Jacob; also (typically) of his posterity
Cross References
Ezekiel 17Historical record of Zedekiah's rebellion and breaking the oath he made by God to Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Fulfills the metaphor of the vine bending roots to Egypt, seeking Pharaoh's military intervention.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB
Messianic prophecy of the tender branch/rod from the stem of Jesse, corresponding to Ezekiel's cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The promise of raising to David a righteous Branch, matching the planting of the tender high cedar twig.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Christ's mustard seed parable echoes the birds dwelling under the shadow of the great cedar's branches.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Jeremiah also depicts the king of Babylon as an eagle flying swiftly over his prey.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical account of Nebuchadnezzar making Mattaniah (Zedekiah) king over Judea.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
The destructive east wind that dries up the vine's spring and water source.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels the descriptive language of Egypt being reduced to a base, low-stature kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records Zedekiah being bound in chains and brought to Babylon, where he died as prophesied.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Ezekiel's earlier metaphor of spreading His net upon Zedekiah, who is taken to Babylon.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
The capture of Jerusalem, Jehoiachin, and the elites, matching the eagle cropping the cedar's top.
Supported by John Calvin, JFB
Illustrates the rapid growth of the willow tree beside abundant flowing waters.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The prophet's own literal explanation of the second eagle as Zedekiah sending ambassadors to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Concretely identifies Nebuchadnezzar setting up Zedekiah as king in place of Coniah (Jehoiachin).
Supported by John Calvin
Prophetic warning of God's curse consuming the house of whoever swears falsely by His name.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Lamentations refers to the captured king as the breath of our nostrils taken in their pits.
Supported by JFB
The cosmic tree metaphor, where beasts find shadow and birds dwell in its boughs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Ezekiel uses the same image of a towering Assyrian cedar with high top branches.
Supported by JFB
Sparing no words for those who swear falsely and make covenants with empty oaths.
Supported by John Calvin
Law forbidding Israel's king to multiply horses or cause the people to return to Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The mountain of the height of Israel is identified as God's holy mountain of worship.
Supported by JFB