2 Chronicles36
New American Standard
1Then the people of the land took Joahaz the son of Josiah and made him king in place of his father in Jerusalem.
2Joahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned for three months in Jerusalem.
3Then the king of Egypt deposed him in Jerusalem, and imposed a fine on the land of a hundred talents of silver and one talent of gold.
4The king of Egypt made Joahaz’s brother Eliakim king over Judah and Jerusalem, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. But Neco took his brother Joahaz and brought him to Egypt.
5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem; and he did evil in the sight of the Lord his God.
6Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against him and bound him with bronze chains to take him to Babylon.
7Nebuchadnezzar also brought some of the articles of the house of the Lord to Babylon, and he put them in his temple in Babylon.
8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim and the abominations which he committed, and what was found against him, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. And his son Jehoiachin became king in his place.
9Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned for three months and ten days in Jerusalem. He did evil in the sight of the Lord.
10At the turn of the year King Nebuchadnezzar sent men and had him brought to Babylon with the valuable articles of the house of the Lord; and he made his relative Zedekiah king over Judah and Jerusalem.
11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned for eleven years in Jerusalem.
12He did evil in the sight of the Lord his God; he did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet who spoke for the Lord.
13He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear allegiance by God. But he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel.
14Furthermore, all the officials of the priests and the people were very unfaithful, following all the abominations of the nations; and they defiled the house of the Lord which He had sanctified in Jerusalem.
15Yet the Lord, the God of their fathers, sent word to them again and again by His messengers, because He had compassion on His people and on His dwelling place;
16but they continually mocked the messengers of God, despised His words, and scoffed at His prophets, until the wrath of the Lord rose against His people, until there was no remedy.
17So He brought up against them the king of the Chaldeans, who killed their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion on young man or virgin, old man or frail; He handed them all over to him.
18He brought all the articles of the house of God, great and small, and the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king and his officers, to Babylon.
19Then they burned the house of God and broke down the wall of Jerusalem, and burned all its fortified buildings with fire and destroyed all its valuable articles.
20He took into exile those who had escaped from the sword to Babylon; and they were servants to him and to his sons until the rule of the kingdom of Persia,
21to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed its Sabbaths. All the days of its desolation it kept the Sabbath until seventy years were complete.
22Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia—in order to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah—the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia so that he sent a proclamation throughout his kingdom, and also put it in writing, saying,
23“This is what Cyrus king of Persia says: ‘The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and He has appointed me to build Him a house in Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Whoever there is among you of all His people, may the Lord his God be with him; go up then!’”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 36.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The destruction of Jerusalem. (1–21). The proclamation of Cyrus. (22, 23).
vv1-21
The ruin of Judah and Jerusalem came on by degrees. The methods God takes to call back sinners by his word, by ministers, by conscience, by providences, are all instances of his compassion toward them, and his unwillingness that any should perish. See here what woful havoc sin makes, and, as we value the comfort and continuance of our earthly blessings, let us keep that worm from the root of them. They had many times ploughed and sowed their land in the seventh year, when it should have rested, and now it lay unploughed and unsown for ten times seven years. God will be no loser in his glory at last, by the disobedience of men. If they refused to let the land rest, God would make it rest. What place, O God, shall thy justice spare, if Jerusalem has perished? If that delight of thine were cut off for wickedness, let us not be high-minded, but fear.
vv22-23
God had promised the restoring of the captives, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, at the end of seventy years; and that time to favour Zion, that set time, came at last. Though God's church be cast down, it is not cast off; though his people be corrected, they are not abandoned; though thrown into the furnace, they are not lost there, nor left there any longer than till the dross be separated. Though God contend long, he will not contend always. Before we close the books of the Chronicles, which contain a faithful register of events, think what desolation sin introduced into the world, nay, even into the church of God. Let us tremble at what is here recorded, while in the character of some few gracious souls, we discover that the Lord left not himself without witness. And when we have looked at this faithful portrait of man by nature, let us contrast with it that same nature, when recovered by Almighty grace, through the justifying and soul-adorning righteousness of Christ our Saviour.
Key Words
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
תַּחַת: the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
Cross References
2 Chronicles 36Direct textual continuity; Ezra 1 verbatim repeats the closing proclamation of Cyrus ending the exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Ezekiel's detailed prophetic indictment of Zedekiah's rebellion and oath-breaking perjury against Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy of seventy years of Babylonian servitude and desolation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of Moses' warning that the land would rest and enjoy its sabbaths during exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel historical account of the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim following Josiah's death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic lamentation for Shallum (Jehoahaz), foretelling he would die in exile and never return.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's scathing character portrait and denunciation of Jehoiakim's oppressive, wicked reign.
Supported by JFB
Confirms Nebuchadnezzar carried the temple vessels to the house of his god in Babylon.
Supported by JFB
Parallel historical account of Zedekiah's wicked reign and his rebellion against Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details Nebuchadnezzar's first invasion of Judah and Jehoiakim's three-year vassalage.
Supported by JFB
Shows Zedekiah's pride and fear of men, preventing his submission to Jeremiah's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah's prophecy regarding the remaining temple vessels being carried to Babylon until Cyrus's visitation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel historical account of the burning of the temple and destruction of Jerusalem's walls.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Isaiah's predictive prophecy naming Cyrus as God's shepherd who would rebuild Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Genealogical record identifying Shallum as the son of Josiah, equivalent to Jehoahaz.
Supported by JFB