2 Chronicles35
New American Standard
1Then Josiah celebrated the Passover to the Lord in Jerusalem, and they slaughtered the Passover animals on the fourteenth day of the first month.
2He appointed the priests to their offices and encouraged them in the service of the house of the Lord.
3He also said to the Levites who taught all Israel and who were holy to the Lord, “Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David king of Israel built; it will not be a burden on your shoulders. Now serve the Lord your God and His people Israel.
4Prepare yourselves by your fathers’ households in your divisions, according to the writing of David king of Israel and according to the writing of his son Solomon.
5Furthermore, stand in the holy place according to the sections of the fathers’ households of your countrymen, the lay people, and according to the Levites, by division of a father’s household.
6Now slaughter the Passover animals, keep one another consecrated, and prepare for your countrymen to act in accordance with the word of the Lord by Moses.”
7Josiah contributed to the lay people, to all who were present, flocks of lambs and young goats, all for the Passover offerings, numbering thirty thousand, plus three thousand bulls; these were from the king’s property.
8His officers also contributed a voluntary offering to the people, the priests, and the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, the officials of the house of God, gave the priests 2,600 from the flocks and three hundred bulls, for the Passover offerings.
9Conaniah also, and his brothers Shemaiah and Nethanel, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, the officers of the Levites, contributed five thousand from the flocks and five hundred bulls to the Levites for the Passover offerings.
10So the service was prepared, and the priests stood at their positions and the Levites by their divisions according to the king’s command.
11They slaughtered the Passover animals, and while the priests sprinkled the blood received from their hand, the Levites skinned the animals.
12Then they removed the burnt offerings so that they might give them to the sections of the fathers’ households of the lay people to present to the Lord, as it is written in the Book of Moses. They did this with the bulls as well.
13So they roasted the Passover animals on the fire according to the ordinance, and they boiled the holy things in pots, in kettles, and in pans and carried them quickly to all the lay people.
14Afterward they prepared for themselves and for the priests, because the priests, the sons of Aaron, were offering the burnt offerings and the fat until night; so the Levites prepared for themselves and for the priests, the sons of Aaron.
15The singers, the sons of Asaph, were also at their positions according to the command of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer; and the gatekeepers at each gate did not have to leave their service, because their kinsmen the Levites prepared for them.
16So all the service of the Lord was prepared on that day to celebrate the Passover, and to offer burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord according to the command of King Josiah.
17And the sons of Israel who were present celebrated the Passover at that time, and the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days.
18There had not been a Passover celebrated like it in Israel since the days of Samuel the prophet; nor had any of the kings of Israel celebrated such a Passover as Josiah did with the priests, the Levites, all Judah and Israel who were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
19In the eighteenth year of Josiah’s reign this Passover was celebrated.
20After all this, when Josiah had set the temple in order, Neco king of Egypt came up to wage war at Carchemish on the Euphrates, and Josiah went out to engage him.
21But Neco sent messengers to him, saying, “What business do you have with me, King of Judah? I am not coming against you today, but against the house with which I am at war, and God has told me to hurry. For your own sake, stop interfering with God who is with me, so that He does not destroy you.”
22However, Josiah would not turn away from him, but disguised himself in order to fight against him; nor did he listen to the words of Neco from the mouth of God, but he came to wage war on the plain of Megiddo.
23The archers shot King Josiah, and the king said to his servants, “Take me away, for I am badly wounded.”
24So his servants took him out of the chariot and carried him on the second chariot which he had, and brought him to Jerusalem where he died and was buried in the tombs of his fathers. All Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.
25Then Jeremiah chanted a song of mourning for Josiah. And all the male and female singers speak about Josiah in their songs of mourning to this day. And they made them an ordinance in Israel; behold, they are also written in the Lamentations.
26Now the rest of the acts of Josiah and his deeds of devotion as written in the Law of the Lord,
27and his acts, the first to the last, behold, they are written in the Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 35.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The passover kept by Josiah. (1–19). Josiah slain in battle. (20–27).
vv1-19
The destruction Josiah made of idolatry, was more largely related in the book of Kings. His solemnizing the passover is related here. The Lord's supper resembles the passover more than any other of the Jewish festivals; and the due observance of that ordinance, is a proof of growing piety and devotion. God alone can truly make our hearts holy, and prepare them for his holy services; but there are duties belonging to us, in doing which we obtain this blessing from the Lord.
vv20-27
The Scripture does not condemn Josiah's conduct in opposing Pharaoh. Yet Josiah seems to deserve blame for not inquiring of the Lord after he was warned; his death might be a rebuke for his rashness, but it was a judgment on a hypocritical and wicked people. He that lives a life of repentance, faith, and obedience, cannot be affected by the sudden manner in which he is removed. The people lamented him. Many mourn over sufferings, who will not forsake the sins that caused God to send them. Yet this alone can turn away judgments. If we blame Josiah's conduct, we should be watchful, lest we be cut down in a way dishonourable to our profession.
Key Words
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
פֶּסַח: a pretermission, i.e. exemption; used only techically of the Jewish Passover (the festival or the victim)
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
שָׁחַט: to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
עָמַד: to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
כֹּהֵן: literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
2 Chronicles 35The parallel account of Josiah's unparalleled Passover, highlighting its uniqueness since the days of the judges.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The parallel account of Pharaoh Neco's military expedition and Josiah's fatal intervention at Megiddo.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Pentateuchal basis for Josiah supplying both lambs and kids for the paschal offerings.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical precedent of Hezekiah's princes donating large numbers of livestock for the congregation's Passover.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Solomon's implementation of Davidic courses for priests and Levites, directing the temple arrangements here.
Supported by JFB
Compares Levites killing the Passover and preparing victims, matching the patterns in Hezekiah's reform.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Ahab's disguise in battle, which similarly failed to avert a divinely-appointed death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic allusion to the immense, lasting national mourning for Josiah in the valley of Megiddon.
Supported by Matthew Henry
David's structural division and organization of the Levites, cited as Josiah's authority.
Supported by JFB
The original law requiring Passover lambs to be chosen according to the families of the fathers.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Hezekiah's precedent where priests sprinkled blood handed to them by the Levites.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the roasting of the Passover with the boiling/seething of the other holy offerings.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah's dirge concerning Josiah, advising to weep for the exile rather than the dead king.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The finding of the Book of the Law, which prompted the temple repairs and Passover.
Supported by Matthew Poole