2 Chronicles35
New King James Version
1Now Josiah kept a Passover to the Lord in Jerusalem, and they slaughtered the Passover lambs on the fourteenth day of the first month.
2And he set the priests in their duties and encouraged them for the service of the house of the Lord.
3Then he said to the Levites who taught all Israel, who were holy to the Lord: “Put the holy ark in the house which Solomon the son of David, king of Israel, built. It shall no longer be a burden on your shoulders. Now serve the Lord your God and His people Israel.
4Prepare yourselves according to your fathers’ houses, according to your divisions, following the written instruction of David king of Israel and the written instruction of Solomon his son.
5And stand in the holy place according to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of your brethren the lay people, and according to the division of the father’s house of the Levites.
6So slaughter the Passover offerings, consecrate yourselves, and prepare them for your brethren, that they may do according to the word of the Lord by the hand of Moses.”
7Then Josiah gave the lay people lambs and young goats from the flock, all for Passover offerings for all who were present, to the number of thirty thousand, as well as three thousand cattle; these were from the king’s possessions.
8And his leaders gave willingly to the people, to the priests, and to the Levites. Hilkiah, Zechariah, and Jehiel, rulers of the house of God, gave to the priests for the Passover offerings two thousand six hundred from the flock, and three hundred cattle.
9Also Conaniah, his brothers Shemaiah and Nethanel, and Hashabiah and Jeiel and Jozabad, chief of the Levites, gave to the Levites for Passover offerings five thousand from the flock and five hundred cattle.
10So the service was prepared, and the priests stood in their places, and the Levites in their divisions, according to the king’s command.
11And they slaughtered the Passover offerings; and the priests sprinkled the blood with their hands, while the Levites skinned the animals.
12Then they removed the burnt offerings that they might give them to the divisions of the fathers’ houses of the lay people, to offer to the Lord, as it is written in the Book of Moses. And so they did with the cattle.
13Also they roasted the Passover offerings with fire according to the ordinance; but the other holy offerings they boiled in pots, in caldrons, and in pans, and divided them quickly among all the lay people.
14Then afterward they prepared portions for themselves and for the priests, because the priests, the sons of Aaron, were busy in offering burnt offerings and fat until night; therefore the Levites prepared portions for themselves and for the priests, the sons of Aaron.
15And the singers, the sons of Asaph, were in their places, according to the command of David, Asaph, Heman, and Jeduthun the king’s seer. Also the gatekeepers were at each gate; they did not have to leave their position, because their brethren the Levites prepared portions for them.
16So all the service of the Lord was prepared the same day, to keep the Passover and to offer burnt offerings on the altar of the Lord, according to the command of King Josiah.
17And the children of Israel who were present kept the Passover at that time, and the Feast of Unleavened Bread for seven days.
18There had been no Passover kept in Israel like that since the days of Samuel the prophet; and none of the kings of Israel had kept such a Passover as Josiah kept, with the priests and the Levites, all Judah and Israel who were present, and the inhabitants of Jerusalem.
19In the eighteenth year of the reign of Josiah this Passover was kept.
20After all this, when Josiah had prepared the temple, Necho king of Egypt came up to fight against Carchemish by the Euphrates; and Josiah went out against him.
21But he sent messengers to him, saying, “What have I to do with you, king of Judah? I have not come against you this day, but against the house with which I have war; for God commanded me to make haste. Refrain from meddling with God, who is with me, lest He destroy you.”
22Nevertheless Josiah would not turn his face from him, but disguised himself so that he might fight with him, and did not heed the words of Necho from the mouth of God. So he came to fight in the Valley of Megiddo.
23And the archers shot King Josiah; and the king said to his servants, “Take me away, for I am severely wounded.”
24His servants therefore took him out of that chariot and put him in the second chariot that he had, and they brought him to Jerusalem. So he died, and was buried in one of the tombs of his fathers. And all Judah and Jerusalem mourned for Josiah.
25Jeremiah also lamented for Josiah. And to this day all the singing men and the singing women speak of Josiah in their lamentations. They made it a custom in Israel; and indeed they are written in the Laments.
26Now the rest of the acts of Josiah and his goodness, according to what was written in the Law of the Lord,
27and his deeds from first to last, indeed they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 35.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The passover kept by Josiah. (1–19). Josiah slain in battle. (20–27).
vv1-19
The destruction Josiah made of idolatry, was more largely related in the book of Kings. His solemnizing the passover is related here. The Lord's supper resembles the passover more than any other of the Jewish festivals; and the due observance of that ordinance, is a proof of growing piety and devotion. God alone can truly make our hearts holy, and prepare them for his holy services; but there are duties belonging to us, in doing which we obtain this blessing from the Lord.
vv20-27
The Scripture does not condemn Josiah's conduct in opposing Pharaoh. Yet Josiah seems to deserve blame for not inquiring of the Lord after he was warned; his death might be a rebuke for his rashness, but it was a judgment on a hypocritical and wicked people. He that lives a life of repentance, faith, and obedience, cannot be affected by the sudden manner in which he is removed. The people lamented him. Many mourn over sufferings, who will not forsake the sins that caused God to send them. Yet this alone can turn away judgments. If we blame Josiah's conduct, we should be watchful, lest we be cut down in a way dishonourable to our profession.
Key Words
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
עָשָׂה: to do or make, in the broadest sense and widest application
פֶּסַח: a pretermission, i.e. exemption; used only techically of the Jewish Passover (the festival or the victim)
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
שָׁחַט: to slaughter (in sacrifice or massacre)
רִאשׁוֹן: first, in place, time or rank (as adjective or noun)
חֹדֶשׁ: the new moon; by implication, a month
עָמַד: to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
כֹּהֵן: literally one officiating, a priest; also (by courtesy) an acting priest (although a layman)
עַל: above, over, upon, or against (yet always in this last relation with a downward aspect) in a great variety of applications
Cross References
2 Chronicles 35The parallel account of Josiah's unparalleled Passover, highlighting its uniqueness since the days of the judges.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
The parallel account of Pharaoh Neco's military expedition and Josiah's fatal intervention at Megiddo.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Pentateuchal basis for Josiah supplying both lambs and kids for the paschal offerings.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Historical precedent of Hezekiah's princes donating large numbers of livestock for the congregation's Passover.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Solomon's implementation of Davidic courses for priests and Levites, directing the temple arrangements here.
Supported by JFB
Compares Levites killing the Passover and preparing victims, matching the patterns in Hezekiah's reform.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Parallels Ahab's disguise in battle, which similarly failed to avert a divinely-appointed death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic allusion to the immense, lasting national mourning for Josiah in the valley of Megiddon.
Supported by Matthew Henry
David's structural division and organization of the Levites, cited as Josiah's authority.
Supported by JFB
The original law requiring Passover lambs to be chosen according to the families of the fathers.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Hezekiah's precedent where priests sprinkled blood handed to them by the Levites.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts the roasting of the Passover with the boiling/seething of the other holy offerings.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah's dirge concerning Josiah, advising to weep for the exile rather than the dead king.
Supported by Matthew Henry
The finding of the Book of the Law, which prompted the temple repairs and Passover.
Supported by Matthew Poole