2 Chronicles36
New King James Version
1Then the people of the land took Jehoahaz the son of Josiah, and made him king in his father’s place in Jerusalem.
2Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned three months in Jerusalem.
3Now the king of Egypt deposed him at Jerusalem; and he imposed on the land a tribute of one hundred talents of silver and a talent of gold.
4Then the king of Egypt made Jehoahaz’s brother Eliakim king over Judah and Jerusalem, and changed his name to Jehoiakim. And Necho took Jehoahaz his brother and carried him off to Egypt.
5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem. And he did evil in the sight of the Lord his God.
6Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon came up against him, and bound him in bronze fetters to carry him off to Babylon.
7Nebuchadnezzar also carried off some of the articles from the house of the Lord to Babylon, and put them in his temple at Babylon.
8Now the rest of the acts of Jehoiakim, the abominations which he did, and what was found against him, indeed they are written in the book of the kings of Israel and Judah. Then Jehoiachin his son reigned in his place.
9Jehoiachin was eight years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days. And he did evil in the sight of the Lord.
10At the turn of the year King Nebuchadnezzar summoned him and took him to Babylon, with the costly articles from the house of the Lord, and made Zedekiah, Jehoiakim’s brother, king over Judah and Jerusalem.
11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned eleven years in Jerusalem.
12He did evil in the sight of the Lord his God, and did not humble himself before Jeremiah the prophet, who spoke from the mouth of the Lord.
13And he also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, who had made him swear an oath by God; but he stiffened his neck and hardened his heart against turning to the Lord God of Israel.
14Moreover all the leaders of the priests and the people transgressed more and more, according to all the abominations of the nations, and defiled the house of the Lord which He had consecrated in Jerusalem.
15And the Lord God of their fathers sent warnings to them by His messengers, rising up early and sending them, because He had compassion on His people and on His dwelling place.
16But they mocked the messengers of God, despised His words, and scoffed at His prophets, until the wrath of the Lord arose against His people, till there was no remedy.
17Therefore He brought against them the king of the Chaldeans, who killed their young men with the sword in the house of their sanctuary, and had no compassion on young man or virgin, on the aged or the weak; He gave them all into his hand.
18And all the articles from the house of God, great and small, the treasures of the house of the Lord, and the treasures of the king and of his leaders, all these he took to Babylon.
19Then they burned the house of God, broke down the wall of Jerusalem, burned all its palaces with fire, and destroyed all its precious possessions.
20And those who escaped from the sword he carried away to Babylon, where they became servants to him and his sons until the rule of the kingdom of Persia,
21to fulfill the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah, until the land had enjoyed her Sabbaths. As long as she lay desolate she kept Sabbath, to fulfill seventy years.
22Now in the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom, and also put it in writing, saying,
23Thus says Cyrus king of Persia: All the kingdoms of the earth the Lord God of heaven has given me. And He has commanded me to build Him a house at Jerusalem which is in Judah. Who is among you of all His people? May the Lord his God be with him, and let him go up!
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 36.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The destruction of Jerusalem. (1–21). The proclamation of Cyrus. (22, 23).
vv1-21
The ruin of Judah and Jerusalem came on by degrees. The methods God takes to call back sinners by his word, by ministers, by conscience, by providences, are all instances of his compassion toward them, and his unwillingness that any should perish. See here what woful havoc sin makes, and, as we value the comfort and continuance of our earthly blessings, let us keep that worm from the root of them. They had many times ploughed and sowed their land in the seventh year, when it should have rested, and now it lay unploughed and unsown for ten times seven years. God will be no loser in his glory at last, by the disobedience of men. If they refused to let the land rest, God would make it rest. What place, O God, shall thy justice spare, if Jerusalem has perished? If that delight of thine were cut off for wickedness, let us not be high-minded, but fear.
vv22-23
God had promised the restoring of the captives, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, at the end of seventy years; and that time to favour Zion, that set time, came at last. Though God's church be cast down, it is not cast off; though his people be corrected, they are not abandoned; though thrown into the furnace, they are not lost there, nor left there any longer than till the dross be separated. Though God contend long, he will not contend always. Before we close the books of the Chronicles, which contain a faithful register of events, think what desolation sin introduced into the world, nay, even into the church of God. Let us tremble at what is here recorded, while in the character of some few gracious souls, we discover that the Lord left not himself without witness. And when we have looked at this faithful portrait of man by nature, let us contrast with it that same nature, when recovered by Almighty grace, through the justifying and soul-adorning righteousness of Christ our Saviour.
Key Words
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
תַּחַת: the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
Cross References
2 Chronicles 36Direct textual continuity; Ezra 1 verbatim repeats the closing proclamation of Cyrus ending the exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Ezekiel's detailed prophetic indictment of Zedekiah's rebellion and oath-breaking perjury against Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy of seventy years of Babylonian servitude and desolation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of Moses' warning that the land would rest and enjoy its sabbaths during exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel historical account of the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim following Josiah's death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic lamentation for Shallum (Jehoahaz), foretelling he would die in exile and never return.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's scathing character portrait and denunciation of Jehoiakim's oppressive, wicked reign.
Supported by JFB
Confirms Nebuchadnezzar carried the temple vessels to the house of his god in Babylon.
Supported by JFB
Parallel historical account of Zedekiah's wicked reign and his rebellion against Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details Nebuchadnezzar's first invasion of Judah and Jehoiakim's three-year vassalage.
Supported by JFB
Shows Zedekiah's pride and fear of men, preventing his submission to Jeremiah's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah's prophecy regarding the remaining temple vessels being carried to Babylon until Cyrus's visitation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel historical account of the burning of the temple and destruction of Jerusalem's walls.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Isaiah's predictive prophecy naming Cyrus as God's shepherd who would rebuild Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Genealogical record identifying Shallum as the son of Josiah, equivalent to Jehoahaz.
Supported by JFB