2 Chronicles36
New Living Translation
1Then the people of the land took Josiah’s son Jehoahaz and made him the next king in Jerusalem.
2Jehoahaz was twenty-three years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months.
3Then he was deposed by the king of Egypt, who demanded that Judah pay 7,500 pounds of silver and 75 pounds of gold as tribute.
4The king of Egypt then installed Eliakim, the brother of Jehoahaz, as the next king of Judah and Jerusalem, and he changed Eliakim’s name to Jehoiakim. Then Neco took Jehoahaz to Egypt as a prisoner.
5Jehoiakim was twenty-five years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years. He did what was evil in the sight of the Lord his God.
6Then King Nebuchadnezzar of Babylon came to Jerusalem and captured it, and he bound Jehoiakim in bronze chains and led him away to Babylon.
7Nebuchadnezzar also took some of the treasures from the Temple of the Lord, and he placed them in his palace in Babylon.
8The rest of the events in Jehoiakim’s reign, including all the evil things he did and everything found against him, are recorded in The Book of the Kings of Israel and Judah. Then his son Jehoiachin became the next king.
9Jehoiachin was eighteen years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem three months and ten days. Jehoiachin did what was evil in the Lord’s sight.
10In the spring of the year King Nebuchadnezzar took Jehoiachin to Babylon. Many treasures from the Temple of the Lord were also taken to Babylon at that time. And Nebuchadnezzar installed Jehoiachin’s uncle, Zedekiah, as the next king in Judah and Jerusalem.
11Zedekiah was twenty-one years old when he became king, and he reigned in Jerusalem eleven years.
12But Zedekiah did what was evil in the sight of the Lord his God, and he refused to humble himself when the prophet Jeremiah spoke to him directly from the Lord.
13He also rebelled against King Nebuchadnezzar, even though he had taken an oath of loyalty in God’s name. Zedekiah was a hard and stubborn man, refusing to turn to the Lord, the God of Israel.
14Likewise, all the leaders of the priests and the people became more and more unfaithful. They followed all the pagan practices of the surrounding nations, desecrating the Temple of the Lord that had been consecrated in Jerusalem.
15The Lord, the God of their ancestors, repeatedly sent his prophets to warn them, for he had compassion on his people and his Temple.
16But the people mocked these messengers of God and despised their words. They scoffed at the prophets until the Lord’s anger could no longer be restrained and nothing could be done.
17So the Lord brought the king of Babylon against them. The Babylonians killed Judah’s young men, even chasing after them into the Temple. They had no pity on the people, killing both young men and young women, the old and the infirm. God handed all of them over to Nebuchadnezzar.
18The king took home to Babylon all the articles, large and small, used in the Temple of God, and the treasures from both the Lord’s Temple and from the palace of the king and his officials.
19Then his army burned the Temple of God, tore down the walls of Jerusalem, burned all the palaces, and completely destroyed everything of value.
20The few who survived were taken as exiles to Babylon, and they became servants to the king and his sons until the kingdom of Persia came to power.
21So the message of the Lord spoken through Jeremiah was fulfilled. The land finally enjoyed its Sabbath rest, lying desolate until the seventy years were fulfilled, just as the prophet had said.
22In the first year of King Cyrus of Persia, the Lord fulfilled the prophecy he had given through Jeremiah. He stirred the heart of Cyrus to put this proclamation in writing and to send it throughout his kingdom:
23“This is what King Cyrus of Persia says: “The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth. He has appointed me to build him a Temple at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Any of you who are his people may go there for this task. And may the Lord your God be with you!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Chronicles 36.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: The destruction of Jerusalem. (1–21). The proclamation of Cyrus. (22, 23).
vv1-21
The ruin of Judah and Jerusalem came on by degrees. The methods God takes to call back sinners by his word, by ministers, by conscience, by providences, are all instances of his compassion toward them, and his unwillingness that any should perish. See here what woful havoc sin makes, and, as we value the comfort and continuance of our earthly blessings, let us keep that worm from the root of them. They had many times ploughed and sowed their land in the seventh year, when it should have rested, and now it lay unploughed and unsown for ten times seven years. God will be no loser in his glory at last, by the disobedience of men. If they refused to let the land rest, God would make it rest. What place, O God, shall thy justice spare, if Jerusalem has perished? If that delight of thine were cut off for wickedness, let us not be high-minded, but fear.
vv22-23
God had promised the restoring of the captives, and the rebuilding of Jerusalem, at the end of seventy years; and that time to favour Zion, that set time, came at last. Though God's church be cast down, it is not cast off; though his people be corrected, they are not abandoned; though thrown into the furnace, they are not lost there, nor left there any longer than till the dross be separated. Though God contend long, he will not contend always. Before we close the books of the Chronicles, which contain a faithful register of events, think what desolation sin introduced into the world, nay, even into the church of God. Let us tremble at what is here recorded, while in the character of some few gracious souls, we discover that the Lord left not himself without witness. And when we have looked at this faithful portrait of man by nature, let us contrast with it that same nature, when recovered by Almighty grace, through the justifying and soul-adorning righteousness of Christ our Saviour.
Key Words
עַם: a people (as a congregated unit); specifically, a tribe (as those of Israel); hence (collectively) troops or attendants; figuratively, a flock
אֶרֶץ: the earth (at large, or partitively a land)
לָקַח: to take (in the widest variety of applications)
יְהוֹאָחָז: Jehoachaz, the name of three Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יֹאשִׁיָּה: Joshijah, the name of two Israelites
מָלַךְ: to reign; inceptively, to ascend the throne; causatively, to induct into royalty; hence (by implication) to take counsel
אָב: father, in a literal and immediate, or figurative and remote application
תַּחַת: the bottom (as depressed); only adverbially, below (often with prepositional prefix underneath), in lieu of, etc.
יְרוּשָׁלַ͏ִם: Jerushalaim or Jerushalem, the capital city of Palestine
Cross References
2 Chronicles 36Direct textual continuity; Ezra 1 verbatim repeats the closing proclamation of Cyrus ending the exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Ezekiel's detailed prophetic indictment of Zedekiah's rebellion and oath-breaking perjury against Nebuchadnezzar.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Explicit fulfillment of Jeremiah's prophecy of seventy years of Babylonian servitude and desolation.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Fulfillment of Moses' warning that the land would rest and enjoy its sabbaths during exile.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallel historical account of the reigns of Jehoahaz and Jehoiakim following Josiah's death.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic lamentation for Shallum (Jehoahaz), foretelling he would die in exile and never return.
Supported by JFB
Jeremiah's scathing character portrait and denunciation of Jehoiakim's oppressive, wicked reign.
Supported by JFB
Confirms Nebuchadnezzar carried the temple vessels to the house of his god in Babylon.
Supported by JFB
Parallel historical account of Zedekiah's wicked reign and his rebellion against Babylon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Details Nebuchadnezzar's first invasion of Judah and Jehoiakim's three-year vassalage.
Supported by JFB
Shows Zedekiah's pride and fear of men, preventing his submission to Jeremiah's counsel.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jeremiah's prophecy regarding the remaining temple vessels being carried to Babylon until Cyrus's visitation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel historical account of the burning of the temple and destruction of Jerusalem's walls.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Isaiah's predictive prophecy naming Cyrus as God's shepherd who would rebuild Jerusalem.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Genealogical record identifying Shallum as the son of Josiah, equivalent to Jehoahaz.
Supported by JFB