Jeremiah 44NIV
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Jeremiah44

New International Version

1This word came to Jeremiah concerning all the Jews living in Lower Egypt—in Migdol, Tahpanhes and Memphis—and in Upper Egypt:

2“This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: You saw the great disaster I brought on Jerusalem and on all the towns of Judah. Today they lie deserted and in ruins

3because of the evil they have done. They aroused my anger by burning incense to and worshiping other gods that neither they nor you nor your ancestors ever knew.

4Again and again I sent my servants the prophets, who said, ‘Do not do this detestable thing that I hate!’

5But they did not listen or pay attention; they did not turn from their wickedness or stop burning incense to other gods.

6Therefore, my fierce anger was poured out; it raged against the towns of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem and made them the desolate ruins they are today.

7“Now this is what the Lord God Almighty, the God of Israel, says: Why bring such great disaster on yourselves by cutting off from Judah the men and women, the children and infants, and so leave yourselves without a remnant?

8Why arouse my anger with what your hands have made, burning incense to other gods in Egypt, where you have come to live? You will destroy yourselves and make yourselves a curse and an object of reproach among all the nations on earth.

9Have you forgotten the wickedness committed by your ancestors and by the kings and queens of Judah and the wickedness committed by you and your wives in the land of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem?

10To this day they have not humbled themselves or shown reverence, nor have they followed my law and the decrees I set before you and your ancestors.

11“Therefore this is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: I am determined to bring disaster on you and to destroy all Judah.

12I will take away the remnant of Judah who were determined to go to Egypt to settle there. They will all perish in Egypt; they will fall by the sword or die from famine. From the least to the greatest, they will die by sword or famine. They will become a curse and an object of horror, a curse and an object of reproach.

13I will punish those who live in Egypt with the sword, famine and plague, as I punished Jerusalem.

14None of the remnant of Judah who have gone to live in Egypt will escape or survive to return to the land of Judah, to which they long to return and live; none will return except a few fugitives.”

15Then all the men who knew that their wives were burning incense to other gods, along with all the women who were present—a large assembly—and all the people living in Lower and Upper Egypt, said to Jeremiah,

16“We will not listen to the message you have spoken to us in the name of the Lord!

17We will certainly do everything we said we would: We will burn incense to the Queen of Heaven and will pour out drink offerings to her just as we and our ancestors, our kings and our officials did in the towns of Judah and in the streets of Jerusalem. At that time we had plenty of food and were well off and suffered no harm.

18But ever since we stopped burning incense to the Queen of Heaven and pouring out drink offerings to her, we have had nothing and have been perishing by sword and famine.”

19The women added, “When we burned incense to the Queen of Heaven and poured out drink offerings to her, did not our husbands know that we were making cakes impressed with her image and pouring out drink offerings to her?”

20Then Jeremiah said to all the people, both men and women, who were answering him,

21“Did not the Lord remember and call to mind the incense burned in the towns of Judah and the streets of Jerusalem by you and your ancestors, your kings and your officials and the people of the land?

22When the Lord could no longer endure your wicked actions and the detestable things you did, your land became a curse and a desolate waste without inhabitants, as it is today.

23Because you have burned incense and have sinned against the Lord and have not obeyed him or followed his law or his decrees or his stipulations, this disaster has come upon you, as you now see.”

24Then Jeremiah said to all the people, including the women, “Hear the word of the Lord, all you people of Judah in Egypt.

25This is what the Lord Almighty, the God of Israel, says: You and your wives have done what you said you would do when you promised, ‘We will certainly carry out the vows we made to burn incense and pour out drink offerings to the Queen of Heaven.’ “Go ahead then, do what you promised! Keep your vows!

26But hear the word of the Lord, all you Jews living in Egypt: ‘I swear by my great name,’ says the Lord, ‘that no one from Judah living anywhere in Egypt will ever again invoke my name or swear, “As surely as the Sovereign Lord lives.”

27For I am watching over them for harm, not for good; the Jews in Egypt will perish by sword and famine until they are all destroyed.

28Those who escape the sword and return to the land of Judah from Egypt will be very few. Then the whole remnant of Judah who came to live in Egypt will know whose word will stand—mine or theirs.

29“‘This will be the sign to you that I will punish you in this place,’ declares the Lord, ‘so that you will know that my threats of harm against you will surely stand.’

30This is what the Lord says: ‘I am going to deliver Pharaoh Hophra king of Egypt into the hands of his enemies who want to kill him, just as I gave Zedekiah king of Judah into the hands of Nebuchadnezzar king of Babylon, the enemy who wanted to kill him.’”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Jeremiah 44.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The Jews in Egypt persist in idolatry. (1-14). They refuse to reform. (15-19). Jeremiah then denounces destruction upon them. (20-30).

vv1-14

God reminds the Jews of the sins that brought desolations upon Judah. It becomes us to warn men of the danger of sin with all seriousness: Oh, do not do it! If you love God, do not, for it is provoking to him; if you love your own souls, do not, for it is destructive to them. Let conscience do this for us in the hour of temptation. The Jews whom God sent into the land of the Chaldeans, were there, by the power of God's grace, weaned from idolatry; but those who went by their own perverse will into the land of the Egyptians, were there more attached than ever to their idolatries. When we thrust ourselves without cause or call into places of temptation, it is just with God to leave us to ourselves. If we walk contrary to God, he will walk contrary to us. The most awful miseries to which men are exposed, are occasioned by the neglect of offered salvation.

vv15-19

These daring sinners do not attempt excuses, but declare they will do that which is forbidden. Those who disobey God, commonly grow worse and worse, and the heart is more hardened by the deceitfulness of sin. Here is the real language of the rebellious heart. Even the afflictions which should have parted them from their sins, were taken so as to confirm them in their sins. It is sad when those who should quicken each other to what is good, and so help one another to heaven, harden each other in sin, and so ripen one another for hell. To mingle idolatry with Divine worship, and to reject the mediation of Christ, are provoking to God, and ruinous to men. All who worship images, or honour saints, and angels, and the queen of heaven, should recollect what came from the idolatrous practices of the Jews.

vv20-30

Whatever evil comes upon us, it is because we have sinned against the Lord; we should therefore stand in awe, and sin not. Since they were determined to persist in their idolatry, God would go on to punish them. What little remains of religion were among them, would be lost. The creature-comforts and confidences from which we promise ourselves most, may fail as soon as those from which we promise ourselves least; and all are what God makes them, not what we fancy them to be. Well-grounded hopes of our having a part in the Divine mercy, are always united with repentance and obedience.

Cross References

Jeremiah 44
v17Jeremiah 7:18allusion

Direct parallel to the pagan worship of the 'queen of heaven' first condemned in Jer 7:18.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, JFB

v30Jeremiah 43:9-13fulfillment

Prophetic sign of Nebuchadnezzar's invasion of Egypt, overtaking the remnant at their places of refuge.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

Parallel description of God repeatedly sending His prophets out of compassion, only to be rejected.

Supported by JFB

v7Jeremiah 7:19thematic

Shows that in provoking God, the people only harm and destroy their own souls.

Supported by JFB

v11Leviticus 17:10thematic

Echoes the divine warning of setting His face against those who commit abominations.

Supported by JFB

v14Jeremiah 42:17thematic

Fulfills the warning that none of the remnant who went to Egypt would escape the sword.

Supported by JFB

v16Jeremiah 6:16thematic

Explicit refusal of the people to walk in God's ways, echoing their earlier rebellion in Jer 6:16.

Supported by JFB

v17Hosea 2:5-9thematic

Illustrates the delusion of attributing material prosperity and food to false gods rather than Yahweh.

Supported by JFB

v10Proverbs 28:14thematic

Contrasts the remnant's lack of fear and hardened hearts with the blessedness of fearing God.

Supported by JFB

The women justify idolatry as fulfilling the vows that went forth from their mouths.

Supported by JFB

v27Jeremiah 31:28contrast

Reverses the promise of watching over Israel to build up, turning it to watching over them for evil.

Supported by Matthew Henry