Ezekiel 31NLT
Books
All books

Ezekiel31

New Living Translation

1On June 21, during the eleventh year of King Jehoiachin’s captivity, this message came to me from the Lord:

2“Son of man, give this message to Pharaoh, king of Egypt, and all his hordes: “To whom would you compare your greatness?

3You are like mighty Assyria, which was once like a cedar of Lebanon, with beautiful branches that cast deep forest shade and with its top high among the clouds.

4Deep springs watered it and helped it to grow tall and luxuriant. The water flowed around it like a river, streaming to all the trees nearby.

5This great tree towered high, higher than all the other trees around it. It prospered and grew long thick branches because of all the water at its roots.

6The birds nested in its branches, and in its shade all the wild animals gave birth. All the great nations of the world lived in its shadow.

7It was strong and beautiful, with wide-spreading branches, for its roots went deep into abundant water.

8No other cedar in the garden of God could rival it. No cypress had branches to equal it; no plane tree had boughs to compare. No tree in the garden of God came close to it in beauty.

9Because I made this tree so beautiful, and gave it such magnificent foliage, it was the envy of all the other trees of Eden, the garden of God.

10“Therefore, this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because Egypt became proud and arrogant, and because it set itself so high above the others, with its top reaching to the clouds,

11I will hand it over to a mighty nation that will destroy it as its wickedness deserves. I have already discarded it.

12A foreign army—the terror of the nations—has cut it down and left it fallen on the ground. Its branches are scattered across the mountains and valleys and ravines of the land. All those who lived in its shadow have gone away and left it lying there.

13“The birds roost on its fallen trunk, and the wild animals lie among its branches.

14Let the tree of no other nation proudly exult in its own prosperity, though it be higher than the clouds and it be watered from the depths. For all are doomed to die, to go down to the depths of the earth. They will land in the pit along with everyone else on earth.

15“This is what the Sovereign Lord says: When Assyria went down to the grave, I made the deep springs mourn. I stopped its rivers and dried up its abundant water. I clothed Lebanon in black and caused the trees of the field to wilt.

16I made the nations shake with fear at the sound of its fall, for I sent it down to the grave with all the others who descend to the pit. And all the other proud trees of Eden, the most beautiful and the best of Lebanon, the ones whose roots went deep into the water, took comfort to find it there with them in the depths of the earth.

17Its allies, too, were all destroyed and had passed away. They had gone down to the grave—all those nations that had lived in its shade.

18“O Egypt, to which of the trees of Eden will you compare your strength and glory? You, too, will be brought down to the depths with all these other nations. You will lie there among the outcasts who have died by the sword. This will be the fate of Pharaoh and all his hordes. I, the Sovereign Lord, have spoken!”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 31.

Full AI study →

Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The glory of Assyria. (1-9). Its fall, and the like for Egypt. (10-18).

vv1-9

The falls of others, both into sin and ruin, warn us not to be secure or high-minded. The prophet is to show an instance of one whom the king of Egypt resembled in greatness, the Assyrian, compared to a stately cedar. Those who excel others, make themselves the objects of envy; but the blessings of the heavenly paradise are not liable to such alloy. The utmost security that any creature can give, is but like the shadow of a tree, a scanty and slender protection. But let us flee to God for protection, there we shall be safe. His hand must be owned in the rising of the great men of the earth, and we must not envy them. Though worldly people may seem to have firm prosperity, yet it only seems so.

vv10-18

The king of Egypt resembled the king of Assyria in his greatness: here we see he resembles him in his pride. And he shall resemble him in his fall. His own sin brings his ruin. None of our comforts are ever lost, but what have been a thousand times forfeited. When great men fall, many fall with them, as many have fallen before them. The fall of proud men is for warning to others, to keep them humble. See how low Pharaoh lies; and see what all his pomp and pride are come to. It is best to be a lowly tree of righteousness, yielding fruit to the glory of God, and to the good of men. The wicked man is often seen flourishing like the cedar, and spreading like the green bay tree, but he soon passes away, and his place is no more found. Let us then mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace.

Cross References

Ezekiel 31
v3Daniel 4:10allusion

Daniel's vision of the great tree reaching to heaven represents a proud king, paralleling the Assyrian cedar.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Ezekiel 17:23thematic

Both passages use the imagery of birds nesting in branches to depict nations dwelling under a king's rule.

Supported by JFB

v8Ezekiel 28:13allusion

Like Tyre, the Assyrian king's matchless glory is compared to the pristine splendor of Eden.

Supported by JFB

v8Genesis 2:9allusion

The reference to the trees of the garden of God directly evokes the paradise trees of Genesis.

Supported by JFB

v14Ezekiel 32:18-32thematic

Both sections depict the descent of uncircumcised nations and their leaders to the nether parts of earth.

Supported by JFB

The phrase 'dwelling under his shadow' refers to trusting in a king's political and military protection.

Supported by JFB

v17Isaiah 14:9thematic

The descent of mighty earthly rulers to Sheol (hell) stirring up the dead matches Isaiah's taunt.

Supported by JFB

v1Ezekiel 30:20thematic

Establishes the chronological sequence of prophecies against Egypt, dated just two months earlier.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Metaphor of 'waters' and 'deep' representing vast tributary peoples and national resources.

Supported by JFB

v6Daniel 4:12thematic

Identical imagery of beasts finding shadow and birds nesting in the branches of a grand tree.

Supported by JFB

v14Psalms 82:7thematic

Verifies that despite their godlike stature, great earthly monarchs will fall and die like common men.

Supported by JFB

v18Ezekiel 28:10thematic

Dying 'the death of the uncircumcised' by the sword is the ultimate humiliation for pagan rulers.

Supported by JFB

v3Ezekiel 17:3thematic

Ezekiel elsewhere uses the great cedar of Lebanon to symbolize royal dynasties and kingdoms.

Supported by JFB

v10Ezekiel 28:17thematic

The heart being 'lifted up' because of beauty and height is the direct cause of divine judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Ezekiel 30:11thematic

Identifies the 'strangers, the terrible of the nations' as the Babylonian army under Nebuchadnezzar.

Supported by Matthew Poole