Ezekiel 31ESV
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Ezekiel31

English Standard Version

1In the , in the month, on the day of the , the of the Lord to me:

2 of , to of and to his : are you in your ?

3 , was a in , with and , and of , its the .

4The it; the made it , making its the place of its , its to the of the .

5 it the of the ; its and its in its .

6 the of the made their in its ; its the of the gave birth to their , and under its .

7It was in its , in the of its ; its went down to .

8The in the of could it, the its ; were the its ; in the of was its in .

9I it in the of its , and the of it, were in the of .

10 the God: it and its the , and its was of its ,

11I will it into the of a of the . He shall with it as its . I have cast it .

12 , the most of , have cut it and it. On the and in the its have , and its have been in the of the , and the of the have its and it.

13 its the of the , and on its are the of the .

14All this is in that by the may to towering their the , and that that may to them in . they are given to , to the , the of , with those who to the .

15 the God: On the the cedar went to I ; I the it, and its , and were . I clothed in it, and the of the of it.

16I made the the of its , when I cast it to with those who to the . And the of , the and of , that , were in the .

17They to with it, to those who are by the ; yes, those who were its , who under its the .

18 are you thus in and in among the of ? You shall be with the of to the . You shall the , with those who are by the . This is and his , the God.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ezekiel 31.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: The glory of Assyria. (1-9). Its fall, and the like for Egypt. (10-18).

vv1-9

The falls of others, both into sin and ruin, warn us not to be secure or high-minded. The prophet is to show an instance of one whom the king of Egypt resembled in greatness, the Assyrian, compared to a stately cedar. Those who excel others, make themselves the objects of envy; but the blessings of the heavenly paradise are not liable to such alloy. The utmost security that any creature can give, is but like the shadow of a tree, a scanty and slender protection. But let us flee to God for protection, there we shall be safe. His hand must be owned in the rising of the great men of the earth, and we must not envy them. Though worldly people may seem to have firm prosperity, yet it only seems so.

vv10-18

The king of Egypt resembled the king of Assyria in his greatness: here we see he resembles him in his pride. And he shall resemble him in his fall. His own sin brings his ruin. None of our comforts are ever lost, but what have been a thousand times forfeited. When great men fall, many fall with them, as many have fallen before them. The fall of proud men is for warning to others, to keep them humble. See how low Pharaoh lies; and see what all his pomp and pride are come to. It is best to be a lowly tree of righteousness, yielding fruit to the glory of God, and to the good of men. The wicked man is often seen flourishing like the cedar, and spreading like the green bay tree, but he soon passes away, and his place is no more found. Let us then mark the perfect man, and behold the upright, for the end of that man is peace.

Cross References

Ezekiel 31
v3Daniel 4:10allusion

Daniel's vision of the great tree reaching to heaven represents a proud king, paralleling the Assyrian cedar.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v6Ezekiel 17:23thematic

Both passages use the imagery of birds nesting in branches to depict nations dwelling under a king's rule.

Supported by JFB

v8Ezekiel 28:13allusion

Like Tyre, the Assyrian king's matchless glory is compared to the pristine splendor of Eden.

Supported by JFB

v8Genesis 2:9allusion

The reference to the trees of the garden of God directly evokes the paradise trees of Genesis.

Supported by JFB

v14Ezekiel 32:18-32thematic

Both sections depict the descent of uncircumcised nations and their leaders to the nether parts of earth.

Supported by JFB

The phrase 'dwelling under his shadow' refers to trusting in a king's political and military protection.

Supported by JFB

v17Isaiah 14:9thematic

The descent of mighty earthly rulers to Sheol (hell) stirring up the dead matches Isaiah's taunt.

Supported by JFB

v1Ezekiel 30:20thematic

Establishes the chronological sequence of prophecies against Egypt, dated just two months earlier.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

Metaphor of 'waters' and 'deep' representing vast tributary peoples and national resources.

Supported by JFB

v6Daniel 4:12thematic

Identical imagery of beasts finding shadow and birds nesting in the branches of a grand tree.

Supported by JFB

v14Psalms 82:7thematic

Verifies that despite their godlike stature, great earthly monarchs will fall and die like common men.

Supported by JFB

v18Ezekiel 28:10thematic

Dying 'the death of the uncircumcised' by the sword is the ultimate humiliation for pagan rulers.

Supported by JFB

v3Ezekiel 17:3thematic

Ezekiel elsewhere uses the great cedar of Lebanon to symbolize royal dynasties and kingdoms.

Supported by JFB

v10Ezekiel 28:17thematic

The heart being 'lifted up' because of beauty and height is the direct cause of divine judgment.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v12Ezekiel 30:11thematic

Identifies the 'strangers, the terrible of the nations' as the Babylonian army under Nebuchadnezzar.

Supported by Matthew Poole