Genesis41
New American Standard
1Now it happened at the end of two full years that Pharaoh had a dream, and behold, he was standing by the Nile.
2And behold, from the Nile seven cows came up, fine-looking and fat; and they grazed in the marsh grass.
3Then behold, seven other cows came up after them from the Nile, ugly and thin, and they stood by the other cows on the bank of the Nile.
4Then the ugly and thin cows ate the seven fine-looking and fat cows. Then Pharaoh awoke.
5But he fell asleep and dreamed a second time; and behold, seven ears of grain came up on a single stalk, plump and good.
6Then behold, seven ears, thin and scorched by the east wind, sprouted up after them.
7And the thin ears swallowed the seven plump and full ears. Then Pharaoh awoke, and behold, it was a dream.
8Now in the morning his spirit was troubled, so he sent messengers and called for all the soothsayer priests of Egypt, and all its wise men. And Pharaoh told them his dreams, but there was no one who could interpret them for Pharaoh.
9Then the chief cupbearer spoke to Pharaoh, saying, “I would make mention today of my own offenses.
10Pharaoh was furious with his servants, and he put me in confinement in the house of the captain of the bodyguard, both me and the chief baker.
11Then we had a dream one night, he and I; each of us dreamed according to the interpretation of his own dream.
12Now a Hebrew youth was there with us, a servant of the captain of the bodyguard, and we told him the dreams, and he interpreted our dreams for us. For each man he interpreted according to his own dream.
13And just as he interpreted for us, so it happened; Pharaoh restored me in my office, but he hanged the chief baker.”
14Then Pharaoh sent word and called for Joseph, and they hurriedly brought him out of the dungeon; and when he had shaved himself and changed his clothes, he came to Pharaoh.
15Pharaoh said to Joseph, “I have had a dream, but no one can interpret it; and I have heard it said about you, that when you hear a dream you can interpret it.”
16Joseph then answered Pharaoh, saying, “It has nothing to do with me; God will give Pharaoh an answer for his own good.”
17So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “In my dream, there I was, standing on the bank of the Nile;
18and behold, seven cows, fat and fine-looking came up out of the Nile, and they grazed in the marsh grass.
19Then behold, seven other cows came up after them, poor and very ugly and thin, such as I had never seen for ugliness in all the land of Egypt;
20and the thin and ugly cows ate the first seven fat cows.
21Yet when they had devoured them, it could not be detected that they had devoured them, for they were just as ugly as before. Then I awoke.
22I saw also in my dream, and behold, seven ears of grain, full and good, came up on a single stalk;
23and behold, seven ears, withered, thin, and scorched by the east wind sprouted up after them;
24and the thin ears swallowed the seven good ears. Then I told it to the soothsayer priests, but there was no one who could explain it to me.”
25And Joseph said to Pharaoh, “Pharaoh’s dreams are one and the same; God has told to Pharaoh what He is about to do.
26The seven good cows are seven years; and the seven good ears are seven years; the dreams are one and the same.
27The seven thin and ugly cows that came up after them are seven years, and the seven thin ears scorched by the east wind will be seven years of famine.
28It is as I have spoken to Pharaoh: God has shown Pharaoh what He is about to do.
29Behold, seven years of great abundance are coming in all the land of Egypt;
30and after them seven years of famine will come, and all the abundance will be forgotten in the land of Egypt, and the famine will ravage the land.
31So the abundance will be unknown in the land because of that subsequent famine; for it will be very severe.
32Now as for the repeating of the dream to Pharaoh twice, it means that the matter is confirmed by God, and God will quickly bring it about.
33So now let Pharaoh look for a man discerning and wise, and appoint him over the land of Egypt.
34Let Pharaoh take action to appoint overseers in charge of the land, and let him take a fifth of the produce of the land of Egypt as a tax in the seven years of abundance.
35Then have them collect all the food of these good years that are coming, and store up the grain for food in the cities under Pharaoh’s authority, and have them guard it.
36Let the food be used as a reserve for the land for the seven years of famine which will occur in the land of Egypt, so that the land will not perish during the famine.”
37Now the proposal seemed good to Pharaoh and to all his servants.
38Then Pharaoh said to his servants, “Can we find a man like this, in whom there is a divine spirit?”
39So Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Since God has informed you of all this, there is no one as discerning and wise as you are.
40You shall be in charge of my house, and all my people shall be obedient to you; only regarding the throne will I be greater than you.”
41Pharaoh also said to Joseph, “See, I have placed you over all the land of Egypt.”
42Then Pharaoh took off his signet ring from his hand and put it on Joseph’s hand, and clothed him in garments of fine linen, and put the gold necklace around his neck.
43And he had him ride in his second chariot; and they proclaimed ahead of him, “Bow the knee!” And he placed him over all the land of Egypt.
44Moreover, Pharaoh said to Joseph, “Though I am Pharaoh, yet without your permission no one shall raise his hand or foot in all the land of Egypt.”
45Then Pharaoh named Joseph Zaphenath-paneah; and he gave him Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera priest of On, to be his wife. And Joseph went out over the land of Egypt.
46Now Joseph was thirty years old when he stood in the presence of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. And Joseph went out from the presence of Pharaoh and went through all the land of Egypt.
47During the seven years of plenty the land produced abundantly.
48So he collected all the food of these seven years which occurred in the land of Egypt and put the food in the cities; he put in every city the food from its own surrounding fields.
49Joseph stored up grain in great abundance like the sand of the sea, until he stopped measuring it, for it was beyond measure.
50Now before the year of famine came, two sons were born to Joseph, whom Asenath, the daughter of Potiphera, priest of On, bore to him.
51Joseph named the firstborn Manasseh; “For,” he said, “God has made me forget all my trouble and all of my father’s household.”
52And he named the second Ephraim; “For,” he said, “God has made me fruitful in the land of my affliction.”
53When the seven years of plenty which had taken place in the land of Egypt came to an end,
54and the seven years of famine began to come, just as Joseph had said, then there was famine in all the lands; but in all the land of Egypt there was bread.
55So when all the land of Egypt suffered famine, the people cried out to Pharaoh for bread; and Pharaoh said to all the Egyptians, “Go to Joseph; whatever he says to you, you shall do.”
56When the famine was spread over the entire face of the earth, then Joseph opened all the storehouses and sold grain to the Egyptians; and the famine was severe in the land of Egypt.
57Then the people of all the earth came to Egypt to buy grain from Joseph, because the famine was severe in all the earth.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 41.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Pharaoh's dreams. (1–8). Joseph interprets Pharaoh's dreams. (9–32). Joseph's counsel, He is highly advanced. (33–45). Joseph's children, The beginning of the famine. (46–57).
vv1-8
The means of Joseph's being freed from prison were Pharaoh's dreams, as here related. Now that God no longer speaks to us in that way, it is no matter how little we either heed dreams, or tell them. The telling of foolish dreams can make no better than foolish talk. But these dreams showed that they were sent of God; when he awoke, Pharaoh's spirit was troubled.
vv9-32
God's time for the enlargement of his people is the fittest time. If the chief butler had got Joseph to be released from prison, it is probable he would have gone back to the land of the Hebrews. Then he had neither been so blessed himself, nor such a blessing to his family, as afterwards he proved. Joseph, when introduced to Pharaoh, gives honour to God. Pharaoh had dreamed that he stood upon the bank of the river Nile, and saw the kine, both the fat ones, and the lean ones, come out of the river. Egypt has no rain, but the plenty of the year depends upon the overflowing of the river Nile. See how many ways Providence has of dispensing its gifts; yet our dependence is still the same upon the First Cause, who makes every creature what it is to us, be it rain or river. See to what changes the comforts of this life are subject. We cannot be sure that to-morrow shall be as this day, or next year as this. We must learn how to want, as well as how to abound. Mark the goodness of God in sending the seven years of plenty before those of famine, that provision might be made. The produce of the earth is sometimes more, and sometimes less; yet, take one with another, he that gathers much, has nothing over; and he that gathers little, has no lack, Ex 16:18. And see the perishing nature of our worldly enjoyments. The great harvests of the years of plenty were quite lost, and swallowed up in the years of famine; and that which seemed very much, yet did but just serve to keep the people alive. There is bread which lasts to eternal life, which it is worth while to labour for. They that make the things of this world their good things, will find little pleasure in remembering that they have received them.
vv33-45
Joseph gave good advice to Pharaoh. Fair warning should always be followed by good counsel. God has in his word told us of a day of trial before us, when we shall need all the grace we can have. Now, therefore, provide accordingly. Pharaoh gave Joseph an honourable testimony. He is a man in whom the spirit of God is; and such men ought to be valued. Pharaoh puts upon Joseph marks of honour. He gave him such a name as spoke the value he had for him, Zaphnath-paaneah, “a revealer of secrets.” This preferment of Joseph encourages all to trust in God. Some translate Joseph's new name, “the saviour of the world.” The brightest glories, even of the upper world, are put upon Christ, the highest trust lodged in his hand, and all power given him, both in heaven and earth.
Key Words
שָׁנֶה: a year (as a revolution of time)
פַּרְעֹה: Paroh, a general title of Egyptian kings
חָלַם: properly, to bind firmly, i.e. (by implication) to be (causatively to make) plump; also (through the figurative sense of dumbness) to dream
עָמַד: to stand, in various relations (literal and figurative, intransitive and transitive)
יְאֹר: a channel, e.g. a fosse, canal, shaft; specifically the Nile, as the one river of Egypt, including its collateral trenches; also the Tigris, as the main river of Assyria
הִנֵּה: lo!
עָלָה: to ascend, intransitively (be high) or actively (mount); used in a great variety of senses, primary and secondary, literal and figurative
שֶׁבַע: seven (as the sacred full one); also (adverbially) seven times; by implication, a week; by extension, an indefinite number
פָּרָה: a heifer
רָעָה: to tend a flock; i.e. pasture it; intransitively, to graze (literally or figuratively); generally to rule; by extension, to associate with (as a friend)
Cross References
Genesis 41Direct historical fulfillment of Joseph being made lord of Pharaoh's house and ruler of all his substance.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Pharaoh's command to go to Joseph matches the Psalmist's description of Joseph's ultimate authority over Egypt.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Nebuchadnezzar's troubled spirit and calling of magicians parallel Pharaoh's experience here.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Daniel, like Joseph, disclaims personal wisdom, attributing dream interpretation solely to God.
Supported by JFB
Establishes Joseph's consistent theological conviction that dream interpretations belong to God alone.
Parallels Joseph telling Pharaoh that God in heaven reveals what shall be in the latter days.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The king taking off his signet ring to delegate supreme administrative authority to his chosen deputy.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Another instance of transferring the royal signet ring to symbolize supreme authority over a kingdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph is said to perform the actions because he prophetically declared them.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Confirms the precise historical fulfillment of Joseph's previous interpretations.
The king sent and loosed Joseph, marking his sudden release from prison.
Supported by JFB
Parallels Joseph's testimony that God in heaven is the revealer of secrets.
Illustrates the principle that the Lord God does nothing without revealing His secret to His servants.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Scripture's commentary on this event, declaring God called for a famine and broke the staff of bread.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Stephen's speech recalling God giving Joseph favor and wisdom in the sight of Pharaoh.
Supported by JFB
Royal honor of riding in the king's chariot with heralds crying out before the exalted official.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Jacob blessing Joseph's sons, fulfilling the meaning of Ephraim being fruitful in affliction.
Supported by JFB
The divine calling of the famine upon the land that brought Jacob's sons to Joseph.
Supported by JFB
The destructive nature of the east wind, which dries up healthy vegetation.
Supported by Matthew Poole
An east wind from the wilderness drying up springs and spoiling fruitfulness.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The established class of Egyptian magicians whom Pharaoh summons in vain.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph shaving his beard to appear before Pharaoh contrasts Semitic customs.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal echo of the east wind drying up springs and spoiling the fruit of the earth.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallels the doubling of a vision (done thrice to Peter) to show a matter is established.
Supported by John Calvin
Refers back to Joseph's own doubled dreams, which similarly proved the certainty of God's purpose.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Similar heathen recognition of a Hebrew captive as having the Spirit of the holy gods.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Joseph's actual exercise of the authority given in 41:41 when his brothers come to buy corn.
Supported by JFB
A foreign king giving a Hebrew captive a new name signifying honor and change of status.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Joseph's age of thirty at his manifestation parallel's Jesus' age at the start of His ministry.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The proverbial 'sand of the sea' description for Joseph's massive grain gathering.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The dream hermeneutic of 'are' meaning 'represent' matches Joseph's previous interpretation.
Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin
Parallels the description of Joshua as 'a man in whom is the spirit' for leadership.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Parallels Daniel's promotion to ruler after interpreting the king's dream by divine wisdom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The giving of a gold chain and special vestures as tokens of high royal office.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Wordplay on Ephraim being fruitful and the dry east wind that threatened the region.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Connects Joseph being sent ahead in affliction to being made fruitful and ruling Egypt.
Supported by JFB