Esther 8NASB
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Esther8

New American Standard

1On that day King Ahasuerus gave the house of Haman, the enemy of the Jews, to Queen Esther; and Mordecai came before the king, because Esther had disclosed what he was to her.

2Then the king took off his signet ring, which he had taken away from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.

3Then Esther spoke again to the king, fell at his feet, wept, and pleaded for his compassion to avert the evil scheme of Haman the Agagite and his plot which he had devised against the Jews.

4And the king extended the golden scepter to Esther. So Esther got up and stood before the king.

5Then she said, “If it pleases the king and if I have found favor before him, and the matter seems proper to the king and I am pleasing in his sight, let it be written to revoke the letters devised by Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to eliminate the Jews who are in all the king’s provinces.

6For how can I endure to see the disaster which will happen to my people, and how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred?”

7So King Ahasuerus said to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, “Behold, I have given the house of Haman to Esther, and they have hanged him on the wooden gallows because he had reached out with his hand against the Jews.

8Now you write to the Jews as you see fit, in the king’s name, and seal it with the king’s signet ring; for a decree which is written in the name of the king and sealed with the king’s signet ring may not be revoked.”

9So the king’s scribes were summoned at that time in the third month (that is, the month Sivan), on the twenty-third day; and it was written in accordance with everything that Mordecai commanded the Jews, the satraps, the governors, and the officials of the provinces which extended from India to Cush, 127 provinces, to every province according to its script, and to every people according to their language, as well as to the Jews according to their script and their language.

10He wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king’s signet ring, and sent letters by couriers on horses, riding on royal relay horses, offspring of racing mares.

11In the letters the king granted the Jews who were in each and every city the right to assemble and to defend their lives, to destroy, kill, and eliminate the entire army of any people or province which was going to attack them, including children and women, and to plunder their spoils,

12on one day in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month (that is, the month Adar).

13A copy of the edict to be issued as law in each and every province was published to all the peoples, so that the Jews would be ready for this day to avenge themselves on their enemies.

14The couriers, hurrying and speeded by the king’s command, left, riding on the royal relay horses; and the decree was issued at the citadel in Susa.

15Then Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in a royal robe of violet and white, with a large crown of gold and a garment of fine linen and purple; and the city of Susa shouted and rejoiced.

16For the Jews there was light, joy, jubilation, and honor.

17In each and every province and in each and every city, wherever the king’s commandment and his decree arrived, there was joy and jubilation for the Jews, a feast and a holiday. And many among the peoples of the land became Jews, because the dread of the Jews had fallen on them.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Esther 8.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Mordecai is advanced. (1, 2). Esther makes suit for the Jews. (3–14). Mordecai honoured, The joy of the Jews. (15–17).

vv1-2

What Haman would have done mischief with, Esther will do good with. All the trust the king had reposed in Haman, he now placed in Mordecai: a happy change. See the vanity of laying up treasure upon earth; he that heapeth up riches, knoweth not who shall gather them. With what little pleasure, nay, with what constant vexation, would Haman have looked upon his estate, if he could have foreseen that Mordecai, the man he hated above all men in the world, should have rule over all that wherein he had laboured! It is our interest to make sure of those riches which will not be left behind, but which will go with us to another world.

vv3-14

It was time to be earnest, when the church of God was at stake. Esther, though safe herself, fell down and begged for the deliverance of her people. We read of no tears when she begged for her own life, but although she was sure of that, she wept for her people. Tears of pity and tenderness are the most Christ-like. According to the constitution of the Persian government, no law or decree could be repealed or recalled. This is so far from speaking to the wisdom and honour of the Medes and Persians, that it clearly shows their pride and folly. This savours of that old presumption which ruined all, We will be as gods! It is God's prerogative not to repent, or to say what can never be altered or unsaid. Yet a way was found, by another decree, to authorize the Jews to stand upon their defence. The decree was published in the languages of all the provinces. Shall all the subjects of an earthly prince have his decrees in languages they understand, and shall God's oracles and laws be locked up from any of his servants in an unknown tongue?

vv15-17

Mordecai's robes now were rich. These things are not worth notice, but as marks of the king's favour, and the fruit of God's favour to his church. It is well with a land, when ensigns of dignity are made the ornaments of serious piety. When the church prospers, many will join it, who will be shy of it when in trouble. When believers have rest, and walk in the fear of the Lord, and the comfort of the Holy Ghost, they will be multiplied. And the attempts of Satan to destroy the church, always tend to increase the number of true Christians.

Cross References

Esther 8
v2Esther 3:10contrast

The king transfers the very signet ring previously given to Haman directly to Mordecai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Genesis 41:42thematic

Parallel elevation of a Hebrew captive with a royal signet ring, matching Joseph's honor.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Daniel 6:8thematic

The absolute, unalterable nature of the laws of the Medes and Persians.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Proverbs 13:22thematic

The wealth of the sinner (Haman) is laid up for the righteous (Esther and Mordecai).

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Esther 4:11thematic

Contrast with Esther's previous terror of death upon approaching the king's golden sceptre.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Esther 3:12contrast

The second drafting of letters by scribes contrasts with Haman's first destructive decree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Proverbs 11:10thematic

When the wicked perish, there is shouting; the city of Shushan rejoices at Mordecai's honor.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Esther 3:15contrast

Contrasts the city's joy now with the perplexity felt when Haman's decree went forth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Genesis 44:34thematic

Esther echoes Judah's deep grief and inability to witness the destruction of her kindred.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Psalms 97:11thematic

Light is sown for the righteous, fulfilled physically and spiritually in the Jews' joy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Exodus 15:16thematic

Dread of God's people falls upon the inhabitants, reminiscent of the Exodus.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v17Zechariah 8:23thematic

Gentiles joining the Jews because they perceive that God is visibly with them.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Esther 7:10thematic

Ahasuerus references Haman's hanging as proof of his favor and justice to Esther.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Esther 1:1thematic

The vast administrative scale of the empire, spanning from India to Ethiopia.

Supported by Matthew Poole