Esther 8NIV
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Esther8

New International Version

1That same day King Xerxes gave Queen Esther the estate of Haman, the enemy of the Jews. And Mordecai came into the presence of the king, for Esther had told how he was related to her.

2The king took off his signet ring, which he had reclaimed from Haman, and presented it to Mordecai. And Esther appointed him over Haman’s estate.

3Esther again pleaded with the king, falling at his feet and weeping. She begged him to put an end to the evil plan of Haman the Agagite, which he had devised against the Jews.

4Then the king extended the gold scepter to Esther and she arose and stood before him.

5“If it pleases the king,” she said, “and if he regards me with favor and thinks it the right thing to do, and if he is pleased with me, let an order be written overruling the dispatches that Haman son of Hammedatha, the Agagite, devised and wrote to destroy the Jews in all the king’s provinces.

6For how can I bear to see disaster fall on my people? How can I bear to see the destruction of my family?”

7King Xerxes replied to Queen Esther and to Mordecai the Jew, “Because Haman attacked the Jews, I have given his estate to Esther, and they have impaled him on the pole he set up.

8Now write another decree in the king’s name in behalf of the Jews as seems best to you, and seal it with the king’s signet ring—for no document written in the king’s name and sealed with his ring can be revoked.”

9At once the royal secretaries were summoned—on the twenty-third day of the third month, the month of Sivan. They wrote out all Mordecai’s orders to the Jews, and to the satraps, governors and nobles of the 127 provinces stretching from India to Cush. These orders were written in the script of each province and the language of each people and also to the Jews in their own script and language.

10Mordecai wrote in the name of King Xerxes, sealed the dispatches with the king’s signet ring, and sent them by mounted couriers, who rode fast horses especially bred for the king.

11The king’s edict granted the Jews in every city the right to assemble and protect themselves; to destroy, kill and annihilate the armed men of any nationality or province who might attack them and their women and children, and to plunder the property of their enemies.

12The day appointed for the Jews to do this in all the provinces of King Xerxes was the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, the month of Adar.

13A copy of the text of the edict was to be issued as law in every province and made known to the people of every nationality so that the Jews would be ready on that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.

14The couriers, riding the royal horses, went out, spurred on by the king’s command, and the edict was issued in the citadel of Susa.

15When Mordecai left the king’s presence, he was wearing royal garments of blue and white, a large crown of gold and a purple robe of fine linen. And the city of Susa held a joyous celebration.

16For the Jews it was a time of happiness and joy, gladness and honor.

17In every province and in every city to which the edict of the king came, there was joy and gladness among the Jews, with feasting and celebrating. And many people of other nationalities became Jews because fear of the Jews had seized them.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Esther 8.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Mordecai is advanced. (1, 2). Esther makes suit for the Jews. (3–14). Mordecai honoured, The joy of the Jews. (15–17).

vv1-2

What Haman would have done mischief with, Esther will do good with. All the trust the king had reposed in Haman, he now placed in Mordecai: a happy change. See the vanity of laying up treasure upon earth; he that heapeth up riches, knoweth not who shall gather them. With what little pleasure, nay, with what constant vexation, would Haman have looked upon his estate, if he could have foreseen that Mordecai, the man he hated above all men in the world, should have rule over all that wherein he had laboured! It is our interest to make sure of those riches which will not be left behind, but which will go with us to another world.

vv3-14

It was time to be earnest, when the church of God was at stake. Esther, though safe herself, fell down and begged for the deliverance of her people. We read of no tears when she begged for her own life, but although she was sure of that, she wept for her people. Tears of pity and tenderness are the most Christ-like. According to the constitution of the Persian government, no law or decree could be repealed or recalled. This is so far from speaking to the wisdom and honour of the Medes and Persians, that it clearly shows their pride and folly. This savours of that old presumption which ruined all, We will be as gods! It is God's prerogative not to repent, or to say what can never be altered or unsaid. Yet a way was found, by another decree, to authorize the Jews to stand upon their defence. The decree was published in the languages of all the provinces. Shall all the subjects of an earthly prince have his decrees in languages they understand, and shall God's oracles and laws be locked up from any of his servants in an unknown tongue?

vv15-17

Mordecai's robes now were rich. These things are not worth notice, but as marks of the king's favour, and the fruit of God's favour to his church. It is well with a land, when ensigns of dignity are made the ornaments of serious piety. When the church prospers, many will join it, who will be shy of it when in trouble. When believers have rest, and walk in the fear of the Lord, and the comfort of the Holy Ghost, they will be multiplied. And the attempts of Satan to destroy the church, always tend to increase the number of true Christians.

Cross References

Esther 8
v2Esther 3:10contrast

The king transfers the very signet ring previously given to Haman directly to Mordecai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Genesis 41:42thematic

Parallel elevation of a Hebrew captive with a royal signet ring, matching Joseph's honor.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Daniel 6:8thematic

The absolute, unalterable nature of the laws of the Medes and Persians.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Proverbs 13:22thematic

The wealth of the sinner (Haman) is laid up for the righteous (Esther and Mordecai).

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Esther 4:11thematic

Contrast with Esther's previous terror of death upon approaching the king's golden sceptre.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Esther 3:12contrast

The second drafting of letters by scribes contrasts with Haman's first destructive decree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Proverbs 11:10thematic

When the wicked perish, there is shouting; the city of Shushan rejoices at Mordecai's honor.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Esther 3:15contrast

Contrasts the city's joy now with the perplexity felt when Haman's decree went forth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Genesis 44:34thematic

Esther echoes Judah's deep grief and inability to witness the destruction of her kindred.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Psalms 97:11thematic

Light is sown for the righteous, fulfilled physically and spiritually in the Jews' joy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Exodus 15:16thematic

Dread of God's people falls upon the inhabitants, reminiscent of the Exodus.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v17Zechariah 8:23thematic

Gentiles joining the Jews because they perceive that God is visibly with them.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Esther 7:10thematic

Ahasuerus references Haman's hanging as proof of his favor and justice to Esther.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Esther 1:1thematic

The vast administrative scale of the empire, spanning from India to Ethiopia.

Supported by Matthew Poole