Esther8
King James Version · Public Domain
1On that day did the king Ahasuerus give the house of Haman the Jews' enemy unto Esther the queen. And Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was unto her.
2And the king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it unto Mordecai. And Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.
3And Esther spake yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet, and besought him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his device that he had devised against the Jews.
4Then the king held out the golden sceptre toward Esther. So Esther arose, and stood before the king,
5And said, If it please the king, and if I have found favour in his sight, and the thing seem right before the king, and I be pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews which are in all the king's provinces:
6For how can I endure to see the evil that shall come unto my people? or how can I endure to see the destruction of my kindred?
7Then the king Ahasuerus said unto Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, Behold, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and him they have hanged upon the gallows, because he laid his hand upon the Jews.
8Write ye also for the Jews, as it liketh you, in the king's name, and seal it with the king's ring: for the writing which is written in the king's name, and sealed with the king's ring, may no man reverse.
9Then were the king's scribes called at that time in the third month, that is, the month Sivan, on the three and twentieth day thereof; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded unto the Jews, and to the lieutenants, and the deputies and rulers of the provinces which are from India unto Ethiopia, an hundred twenty and seven provinces, unto every province according to the writing thereof, and unto every people after their language, and to the Jews according to their writing, and according to their language.
10And he wrote in the king Ahasuerus' name, and sealed it with the king's ring, and sent letters by posts on horseback, and riders on mules, camels, and young dromedaries:
11Wherein the king granted the Jews which were in every city to gather themselves together, and to stand for their life, to destroy, to slay, and to cause to perish, all the power of the people and province that would assault them, both little ones and women, and to take the spoil of them for a prey,
12Upon one day in all the provinces of king Ahasuerus, namely, upon the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.
13The copy of the writing for a commandment to be given in every province was published unto all people, and that the Jews should be ready against that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.
14So the posts that rode upon mules and camels went out, being hastened and pressed on by the king's commandment. And the decree was given at Shushan the palace.
15And Mordecai went out from the presence of the king in royal apparel of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a garment of fine linen and purple: and the city of Shushan rejoiced and was glad.
16The Jews had light, and gladness, and joy, and honour.
17And in every province, and in every city, whithersoever the king's commandment and his decree came, the Jews had joy and gladness, a feast and a good day. And many of the people of the land became Jews; for the fear of the Jews fell upon them.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Esther 8.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Mordecai is advanced. (1, 2). Esther makes suit for the Jews. (3–14). Mordecai honoured, The joy of the Jews. (15–17).
vv1-2
What Haman would have done mischief with, Esther will do good with. All the trust the king had reposed in Haman, he now placed in Mordecai: a happy change. See the vanity of laying up treasure upon earth; he that heapeth up riches, knoweth not who shall gather them. With what little pleasure, nay, with what constant vexation, would Haman have looked upon his estate, if he could have foreseen that Mordecai, the man he hated above all men in the world, should have rule over all that wherein he had laboured! It is our interest to make sure of those riches which will not be left behind, but which will go with us to another world.
vv3-14
It was time to be earnest, when the church of God was at stake. Esther, though safe herself, fell down and begged for the deliverance of her people. We read of no tears when she begged for her own life, but although she was sure of that, she wept for her people. Tears of pity and tenderness are the most Christ-like. According to the constitution of the Persian government, no law or decree could be repealed or recalled. This is so far from speaking to the wisdom and honour of the Medes and Persians, that it clearly shows their pride and folly. This savours of that old presumption which ruined all, We will be as gods! It is God's prerogative not to repent, or to say what can never be altered or unsaid. Yet a way was found, by another decree, to authorize the Jews to stand upon their defence. The decree was published in the languages of all the provinces. Shall all the subjects of an earthly prince have his decrees in languages they understand, and shall God's oracles and laws be locked up from any of his servants in an unknown tongue?
vv15-17
Mordecai's robes now were rich. These things are not worth notice, but as marks of the king's favour, and the fruit of God's favour to his church. It is well with a land, when ensigns of dignity are made the ornaments of serious piety. When the church prospers, many will join it, who will be shy of it when in trouble. When believers have rest, and walk in the fear of the Lord, and the comfort of the Holy Ghost, they will be multiplied. And the attempts of Satan to destroy the church, always tend to increase the number of true Christians.
Key Words
יוֹם: a day (as the warm hours), whether literal (from sunrise to sunset, or from one sunset to the next), or figurative (a space of time defined by an associated term), (often used adverb)
מֶלֶךְ: a king
אֲחַשְׁוֵרוֹשׁ: Achashverosh (i.e. Ahasuerus or Artaxerxes, but in this case Xerxes), the title (rather than name) of a Persian king
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
מַלְכָּה: a queen
אֶסְתֵּר: Ester, the Jewish heroine
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
הָמָן: Haman, a Persian vizier
צָרַר: to cramp, literally or figuratively, transitive or intransitive
יְהוּדִי: a Jehudite (i.e. Judaite or Jew), or descendant of Jehudah (i.e. Judah)
Cross References
Esther 8The king transfers the very signet ring previously given to Haman directly to Mordecai.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel elevation of a Hebrew captive with a royal signet ring, matching Joseph's honor.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The absolute, unalterable nature of the laws of the Medes and Persians.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The wealth of the sinner (Haman) is laid up for the righteous (Esther and Mordecai).
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrast with Esther's previous terror of death upon approaching the king's golden sceptre.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The second drafting of letters by scribes contrasts with Haman's first destructive decree.
Supported by Matthew Poole
When the wicked perish, there is shouting; the city of Shushan rejoices at Mordecai's honor.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Contrasts the city's joy now with the perplexity felt when Haman's decree went forth.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Esther echoes Judah's deep grief and inability to witness the destruction of her kindred.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Light is sown for the righteous, fulfilled physically and spiritually in the Jews' joy.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Dread of God's people falls upon the inhabitants, reminiscent of the Exodus.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Gentiles joining the Jews because they perceive that God is visibly with them.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Ahasuerus references Haman's hanging as proof of his favor and justice to Esther.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The vast administrative scale of the empire, spanning from India to Ethiopia.
Supported by Matthew Poole