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Esther8

World English Bible · Public Domain

1On that day, King Ahasuerus gave the house of Haman, the Jews’ enemy, to Esther the queen. Mordecai came before the king; for Esther had told what he was to her.

2The king took off his ring, which he had taken from Haman, and gave it to Mordecai. Esther set Mordecai over the house of Haman.

3Esther spoke yet again before the king, and fell down at his feet and begged him with tears to put away the mischief of Haman the Agagite, and his plan that he had planned against the Jews.

4Then the king held out to Esther the golden scepter. So Esther arose, and stood before the king.

5She said, “If it pleases the king, and if I have found favor in his sight, and the thing seems right to the king, and I am pleasing in his eyes, let it be written to reverse the letters devised by Haman, the son of Hammedatha the Agagite, which he wrote to destroy the Jews who are in all the king’s provinces.

6For how can I endure to see the evil that would come to my people? How can I endure to see the destruction of my relatives?”

7Then King Ahasuerus said to Esther the queen and to Mordecai the Jew, “See, I have given Esther the house of Haman, and they have hanged him on the gallows because he laid his hand on the Jews.

8Write also to the Jews as it pleases you, in the king’s name, and seal it with the king’s ring; for the writing which is written in the king’s name, and sealed with the king’s ring, may not be reversed by any man.”

9Then the king’s scribes were called at that time, in the third month, which is the month Sivan, on the twenty-third day of the month; and it was written according to all that Mordecai commanded to the Jews, and to the local governors, and the governors and princes of the provinces which are from India to Ethiopia, one hundred twenty-seven provinces, to every province according to its writing, and to every people in their language, and to the Jews in their writing, and in their language.

10He wrote in the name of King Ahasuerus, and sealed it with the king’s ring, and sent letters by courier on horseback, riding on royal horses that were bred from swift steeds.

11In those letters, the king granted the Jews who were in every city to gather themselves together and to defend their lives—to destroy, to kill, and to cause to perish all the power of the people and province that would assault them, their little ones and women, and to plunder their possessions,

12on one day in all the provinces of King Ahasuerus, on the thirteenth day of the twelfth month, which is the month Adar.

13A copy of the letter, that the decree should be given out in every province, was published to all the peoples, that the Jews should be ready for that day to avenge themselves on their enemies.

14So the couriers who rode on royal horses went out, hastened and pressed on by the king’s commandment. The decree was given out in the citadel of Susa.

15Mordecai went out of the presence of the king in royal clothing of blue and white, and with a great crown of gold, and with a robe of fine linen and purple; and the city of Susa shouted and was glad.

16The Jews had light, gladness, joy, and honor.

17In every province and in every city, wherever the king’s commandment and his decree came, the Jews had gladness, joy, a feast and a holiday. Many from among the peoples of the land became Jews, for the fear of the Jews had fallen on them.

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Esther 8.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Mordecai is advanced. (1, 2). Esther makes suit for the Jews. (3–14). Mordecai honoured, The joy of the Jews. (15–17).

vv1-2

What Haman would have done mischief with, Esther will do good with. All the trust the king had reposed in Haman, he now placed in Mordecai: a happy change. See the vanity of laying up treasure upon earth; he that heapeth up riches, knoweth not who shall gather them. With what little pleasure, nay, with what constant vexation, would Haman have looked upon his estate, if he could have foreseen that Mordecai, the man he hated above all men in the world, should have rule over all that wherein he had laboured! It is our interest to make sure of those riches which will not be left behind, but which will go with us to another world.

vv3-14

It was time to be earnest, when the church of God was at stake. Esther, though safe herself, fell down and begged for the deliverance of her people. We read of no tears when she begged for her own life, but although she was sure of that, she wept for her people. Tears of pity and tenderness are the most Christ-like. According to the constitution of the Persian government, no law or decree could be repealed or recalled. This is so far from speaking to the wisdom and honour of the Medes and Persians, that it clearly shows their pride and folly. This savours of that old presumption which ruined all, We will be as gods! It is God's prerogative not to repent, or to say what can never be altered or unsaid. Yet a way was found, by another decree, to authorize the Jews to stand upon their defence. The decree was published in the languages of all the provinces. Shall all the subjects of an earthly prince have his decrees in languages they understand, and shall God's oracles and laws be locked up from any of his servants in an unknown tongue?

vv15-17

Mordecai's robes now were rich. These things are not worth notice, but as marks of the king's favour, and the fruit of God's favour to his church. It is well with a land, when ensigns of dignity are made the ornaments of serious piety. When the church prospers, many will join it, who will be shy of it when in trouble. When believers have rest, and walk in the fear of the Lord, and the comfort of the Holy Ghost, they will be multiplied. And the attempts of Satan to destroy the church, always tend to increase the number of true Christians.

Cross References

Esther 8
v2Esther 3:10contrast

The king transfers the very signet ring previously given to Haman directly to Mordecai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v2Genesis 41:42thematic

Parallel elevation of a Hebrew captive with a royal signet ring, matching Joseph's honor.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v8Daniel 6:8thematic

The absolute, unalterable nature of the laws of the Medes and Persians.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v1Proverbs 13:22thematic

The wealth of the sinner (Haman) is laid up for the righteous (Esther and Mordecai).

Supported by Matthew Henry

v4Esther 4:11thematic

Contrast with Esther's previous terror of death upon approaching the king's golden sceptre.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v9Esther 3:12contrast

The second drafting of letters by scribes contrasts with Haman's first destructive decree.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Proverbs 11:10thematic

When the wicked perish, there is shouting; the city of Shushan rejoices at Mordecai's honor.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v15Esther 3:15contrast

Contrasts the city's joy now with the perplexity felt when Haman's decree went forth.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v6Genesis 44:34thematic

Esther echoes Judah's deep grief and inability to witness the destruction of her kindred.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v16Psalms 97:11thematic

Light is sown for the righteous, fulfilled physically and spiritually in the Jews' joy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v17Exodus 15:16thematic

Dread of God's people falls upon the inhabitants, reminiscent of the Exodus.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v17Zechariah 8:23thematic

Gentiles joining the Jews because they perceive that God is visibly with them.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v7Esther 7:10thematic

Ahasuerus references Haman's hanging as proof of his favor and justice to Esther.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v9Esther 1:1thematic

The vast administrative scale of the empire, spanning from India to Ethiopia.

Supported by Matthew Poole