Genesis 42NKJV
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Genesis42

New King James Version

1When Jacob saw that there was grain in Egypt, Jacob said to his sons, “Why do you look at one another?”

2And he said, “Indeed I have heard that there is grain in Egypt; go down to that place and buy for us there, that we may live and not die.”

3So Joseph’s ten brothers went down to buy grain in Egypt.

4But Jacob did not send Joseph’s brother Benjamin with his brothers, for he said, “Lest some calamity befall him.”

5And the sons of Israel went to buy grain among those who journeyed, for the famine was in the land of Canaan.

6Now Joseph was governor over the land; and it was he who sold to all the people of the land. And Joseph’s brothers came and bowed down before him with their faces to the earth.

7Joseph saw his brothers and recognized them, but he acted as a stranger to them and spoke roughly to them. Then he said to them, “Where do you come from?” And they said, “From the land of Canaan to buy food.”

8So Joseph recognized his brothers, but they did not recognize him.

9Then Joseph remembered the dreams which he had dreamed about them, and said to them, “You are spies! You have come to see the nakedness of the land!”

10And they said to him, “No, my lord, but your servants have come to buy food.

11We are all one man’s sons; we are honest men; your servants are not spies.”

12But he said to them, “No, but you have come to see the nakedness of the land.”

13And they said, “Your servants are twelve brothers, the sons of one man in the land of Canaan; and in fact, the youngest is with our father today, and one is no more.”

14But Joseph said to them, “It is as I spoke to you, saying, ‘You are spies!’

15In this manner you shall be tested: By the life of Pharaoh, you shall not leave this place unless your youngest brother comes here.

16Send one of you, and let him bring your brother; and you shall be kept in prison, that your words may be tested to see whether there is any truth in you; or else, by the life of Pharaoh, surely you are spies!”

17So he put them all together in prison three days.

18Then Joseph said to them the third day, “Do this and live, for I fear God:

19If you are honest men, let one of your brothers be confined to your prison house; but you, go and carry grain for the famine of your houses.

20And bring your youngest brother to me; so your words will be verified, and you shall not die.” And they did so.

21Then they said to one another, “We are truly guilty concerning our brother, for we saw the anguish of his soul when he pleaded with us, and we would not hear; therefore this distress has come upon us.”

22And Reuben answered them, saying, “Did I not speak to you, saying, ‘Do not sin against the boy’; and you would not listen? Therefore behold, his blood is now required of us.”

23But they did not know that Joseph understood them, for he spoke to them through an interpreter.

24And he turned himself away from them and wept. Then he returned to them again, and talked with them. And he took Simeon from them and bound him before their eyes.

25Then Joseph gave a command to fill their sacks with grain, to restore every man’s money to his sack, and to give them provisions for the journey. Thus he did for them.

26So they loaded their donkeys with the grain and departed from there.

27But as one of them opened his sack to give his donkey feed at the encampment, he saw his money; and there it was, in the mouth of his sack.

28So he said to his brothers, “My money has been restored, and there it is, in my sack!” Then their hearts failed them and they were afraid, saying to one another, “What is this that God has done to us?”

29Then they went to Jacob their father in the land of Canaan and told him all that had happened to them, saying:

30“The man who is lord of the land spoke roughly to us, and took us for spies of the country.

31But we said to him, ‘We are honest men; we are not spies.

32We are twelve brothers, sons of our father; one is no more, and the youngest is with our father this day in the land of Canaan.’

33Then the man, the lord of the country, said to us, ‘By this I will know that you are honest men: Leave one of your brothers here with me, take food for the famine of your households, and be gone.

34And bring your youngest brother to me; so I shall know that you are not spies, but that you are honest men. I will grant your brother to you, and you may trade in the land.’ ”

35Then it happened as they emptied their sacks, that surprisingly each man’s bundle of money was in his sack; and when they and their father saw the bundles of money, they were afraid.

36And Jacob their father said to them, “You have bereaved me: Joseph is no more, Simeon is no more, and you want to take Benjamin. All these things are against me.”

37Then Reuben spoke to his father, saying, “Kill my two sons if I do not bring him back to you; put him in my hands, and I will bring him back to you.”

38But he said, “My son shall not go down with you, for his brother is dead, and he is left alone. If any calamity should befall him along the way in which you go, then you would bring down my gray hair with sorrow to the grave.”

Study Guide

Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Genesis 42.

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Chapter Summary

In this chapter: Jacob sends ten sons to buy corn. (1–6). Joseph's treatment of his brethren. (7–20). Their remorse, Simeon detained. (21–24). The rest return with corn. (25–28). Jacob refuses to send Benjamin to Egypt. (29–38).

vv1-6

Jacob saw the corn his neighbours had bought in Egypt, and brought home. It is a spur to exertion to see others supplied. Shall others get food for their souls, and shall we starve while it is to be had? Having discovered where help is to be had, we should apply for it without delay, without shrinking from labour, or grudging expense, especially as regards our never-dying souls. There is provision in Christ; but we must come to him, and seek it from him.

vv7-20

Joseph was hard upon his brethren, not from a spirit of revenge, but to bring them to repentance. Not seeing his brother Benjamin, he suspected that they had made away with him, and he gave them occasion to speak of their father and brother. God, in his providence, sometimes seems harsh with those he loves, and speaks roughly to those for whom yet he has great mercy in store. Joseph settled at last, that one of them should be left, and the rest go home and fetch Benjamin. It was a very encouraging word he said to them, “I fear God;” as if he had said, You may be assured I will do you no wrong; I dare not, for I know there is one higher than I. With those that fear God, we may expect fair dealing.

vv21-24

The office of conscience is to bring to mind things long since said and done. When the guilt of this sin of Joseph's brethren was fresh, they made light of it, and sat down to eat bread; but now, long afterward, their consciences accused them of it. See the good of afflictions; they often prove the happy means of awakening conscience, and bringing sin to our remembrance. Also, the evil of guilt as to our brethren. Conscience now reproached them for it. Whenever we think we have wrong done us, we ought to remember the wrong we have done to others. Reuben alone remembered with comfort, that he had done what he could to prevent the mischief. When we share with others in their sufferings, it will be a comfort if we have the testimony of our consciences for us, that we did not share in their evil deeds, but in our places witnessed against them. Joseph retired to weep. Though his reason directed that he should still carry himself as a stranger, because they were not as yet humbled enough, yet natural affection could not but work.

Cross References

Genesis 42
v6Genesis 37:7fulfillment

Joseph's brethren bow down to the earth, fulfilling his first dream of the sheaves.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v24Genesis 43:30thematic

Joseph's intense natural affection forces him to seek a private place to weep.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v1Acts 7:12allusion

Stephen's speech explicitly references Jacob hearing of corn in Egypt and sending his sons.

Supported by John Calvin

v9Genesis 37:5-9fulfillment

Joseph remembers his prophetic dreams of his family bowing down to him.

Supported by Matthew Poole, John Calvin, JFB

v22Genesis 37:21allusion

Reuben's reminder of his earlier attempt to rescue and deliver Joseph from their conspiracy.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v22Genesis 9:5thematic

Reuben recognizes the divine law where a brother's blood is strictly required.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v36Romans 8:28contrast

Jacob says 'all these things are against me,' contrasting God's purpose of working all for good.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v13Genesis 44:20-22thematic

The sons repeat that one brother is with their father and 'one is not' before Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB

v18Nehemiah 5:15thematic

Joseph's assertion 'for I fear God' mirrors Nehemiah's restraint because of the fear of God.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 37:23-28allusion

The original distress of Joseph they ignored, now remembered in their own hour of distress.

Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB

v24Genesis 29:33thematic

Simeon (whose name relates to hearing) is bound because he heard not Joseph's anguish.

Supported by JFB

v27Genesis 43:21thematic

The brothers recount discovering their money in their sacks when they opened them.

Supported by JFB

v27Genesis 42:35thematic

The full realization and terror of finding all their money restored in their sacks.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v38Genesis 44:29allusion

Jacob's identical, grief-stricken warning about bringing his gray hairs with sorrow to the grave.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v13Jeremiah 31:15thematic

The Hebrew euphemism 'one is not' is used here and later of Ephraim/Rachel's children.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v15Matthew 5:33-37contrast

Joseph's Egyptian oath 'by the life of Pharaoh' contrasted with Christ's teaching on swearing.

Supported by JFB

v21Proverbs 21:13thematic

Since they stopped their ears to Joseph's cry, they now face unanswered distress.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v21Genesis 44:16thematic

The continuing work of conscience leading the brothers to confess God has found out their iniquity.

Supported by JFB

v37Genesis 43:9thematic

Judah's more acceptable suretyship of Benjamin, contrasting Reuben's rash offer of his sons' lives.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v38Genesis 44:27-34allusion

Judah later repeats this exact defense of Jacob's deep attachment to Benjamin.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole

v1Exodus 20:18thematic

The verb 'saw' is used in the sense of 'heard' or perceived, as in Sinai.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v4Genesis 43:29thematic

Jacob keeps Benjamin back; he is Joseph's full brother, highly beloved and protected.

Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole, John Calvin

v13Genesis 37:30thematic

Reuben previously used 'the child is not' to describe the missing Joseph.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v23Genesis 11:7thematic

The use of translation and different languages to conceal identity and understanding.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v30Proverbs 18:23thematic

Joseph as the rich ruler speaking roughly, fulfilling the proverbial description of the powerful.

Supported by Matthew Henry

v2Genesis 45:9thematic

Canaan is geographically and spiritually higher; going to Egypt is described as going 'down'.

Supported by Matthew Poole

v8Luke 24:16thematic

Joseph is unrecognized by his brethren, similar to Jesus' appearance on the Emmaus road.

Supported by Matthew Henry