Proverbs21
New King James Version
1The king’s heart is in the hand of the Lord, Like the rivers of water; He turns it wherever He wishes.
2Every way of a man is right in his own eyes, But the Lord weighs the hearts.
3To do righteousness and justice Is more acceptable to the Lord than sacrifice.
4A haughty look, a proud heart, And the plowing of the wicked are sin.
5The plans of the diligent lead surely to plenty, But those of everyone who is hasty, surely to poverty.
6Getting treasures by a lying tongue Is the fleeting fantasy of those who seek death.
7The violence of the wicked will destroy them, Because they refuse to do justice.
8The way of a guilty man is perverse; But as for the pure, his work is right.
9Better to dwell in a corner of a housetop, Than in a house shared with a contentious woman.
10The soul of the wicked desires evil; His neighbor finds no favor in his eyes.
11When the scoffer is punished, the simple is made wise; But when the wise is instructed, he receives knowledge.
12The righteous God wisely considers the house of the wicked, Overthrowing the wicked for their wickedness.
13Whoever shuts his ears to the cry of the poor Will also cry himself and not be heard.
14A gift in secret pacifies anger, And a bribe behind the back, strong wrath.
15It is a joy for the just to do justice, But destruction will come to the workers of iniquity.
16A man who wanders from the way of understanding Will rest in the assembly of the dead.
17He who loves pleasure will be a poor man; He who loves wine and oil will not be rich.
18The wicked shall be a ransom for the righteous, And the unfaithful for the upright.
19Better to dwell in the wilderness, Than with a contentious and angry woman.
20There is desirable treasure, And oil in the dwelling of the wise, But a foolish man squanders it.
21He who follows righteousness and mercy Finds life, righteousness, and honor.
22A wise man scales the city of the mighty, And brings down the trusted stronghold.
23Whoever guards his mouth and tongue Keeps his soul from troubles.
24A proud and haughty man—“Scoffer” is his name; He acts with arrogant pride.
25The desire of the lazy man kills him, For his hands refuse to labor.
26He covets greedily all day long, But the righteous gives and does not spare.
27The sacrifice of the wicked is an abomination; How much more when he brings it with wicked intent!
28A false witness shall perish, But the man who hears him will speak endlessly.
29A wicked man hardens his face, But as for the upright, he establishes his way.
30There is no wisdom or understanding Or counsel against the Lord.
31The horse is prepared for the day of battle, But deliverance is of the Lord.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Proverbs 21.
v1
The believer, perceiving that the Lord rules every heart as he sees fit, like the husbandman who turns the water through his grounds as he pleases, seeks to have his own heart, and the hearts of others, directed in his faith, fear, and love.
v2
We are partial in judging ourselves and our actions.
v3
Many deceive themselves with a conceit that outward devotions will excuse unrighteousness.
Key Words
מֶלֶךְ: a king
לֵב: the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
פֶּלֶג: a rill (i.e. small channel of water, as in irrigation)
מַיִם: water; figuratively, juice; by euphemism, urine, semen
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
נָטָה: to stretch or spread out; by implication, to bend away (including moral deflection); used in a great variety of application
חָפֵץ: properly, to incline to; by implication (literally but rarely) to bend; figuratively, to be pleased with, desire
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
דֶּרֶךְ: a road (as trodden); figuratively, a course of life or mode of action, often adverb
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
Cross References
Proverbs 21Poole notes this is repeated from 16:2 for importance because of man's self-deceit.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Direct thematic parallel: obedience and moral justice are far superior to ritual sacrifice.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Parallel comparison of a contentious woman to dwelling in the wilderness or a rooftop.
Supported by JFB
Parallel proverb detailing how the simple learns wisdom through witnessing the scorner's punishment.
Supported by JFB
Parallels the substitutionary deliverance of the righteous where the wicked comes in his stead.
Supported by JFB
Self-referential parallel highlighting the misery of dwelling with a brawling, angry woman.
Supported by JFB
Explicit thematic link stating that the war-horse is a vain hope for safety.
Supported by JFB
Parallels God's ultimate sovereign direction over a man's heart and steps.
Supported by JFB
Poole cites this to show doing justice and mercy is what God truly requires.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Prophetic parallel confirming that God desires mercy and knowledge over burnt offerings.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Illustrates the 'lamp' (translated plowing) as a metaphor for the wicked's prosperity.
Supported by JFB
Parallel highlighting that wisdom strengthens the wise more than ten mighty men.
Supported by JFB
Contrasts trusting in military horses and chariots with trusting in the Lord's safety.
Supported by JFB
Illuminates how a secret bribe or gift in the bosom influences judgment.
Supported by JFB
Illustrates that the battle is not always to the strong; ultimate safety belongs to God.
Supported by Matthew Henry