Ecclesiastes9
New King James Version
1For I considered all this in my heart, so that I could declare it all: that the righteous and the wise and their works are in the hand of God. People know neither love nor hatred by anything they see before them.
2All things come alike to all: One event happens to the righteous and the wicked; To the good, the clean, and the unclean; To him who sacrifices and him who does not sacrifice. As is the good, so is the sinner; He who takes an oath as he who fears an oath.
3This is an evil in all that is done under the sun: that one thing happens to all. Truly the hearts of the sons of men are full of evil; madness is in their hearts while they live, and after that they go to the dead.
4But for him who is joined to all the living there is hope, for a living dog is better than a dead lion.
5For the living know that they will die; But the dead know nothing, And they have no more reward, For the memory of them is forgotten.
6Also their love, their hatred, and their envy have now perished; Nevermore will they have a share In anything done under the sun.
7Go, eat your bread with joy, And drink your wine with a merry heart; For God has already accepted your works.
8Let your garments always be white, And let your head lack no oil.
9Live joyfully with the wife whom you love all the days of your vain life which He has given you under the sun, all your days of vanity; for that is your portion in life, and in the labor which you perform under the sun.
10Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with your might; for there is no work or device or knowledge or wisdom in the grave where you are going.
11I returned and saw under the sun that— The race is not to the swift, Nor the battle to the strong, Nor bread to the wise, Nor riches to men of understanding, Nor favor to men of skill; But time and chance happen to them all.
12For man also does not know his time: Like fish taken in a cruel net, Like birds caught in a snare, So the sons of men are snared in an evil time, When it falls suddenly upon them.
13This wisdom I have also seen under the sun, and it seemed great to me:
14There was a little city with few men in it; and a great king came against it, besieged it, and built great snares around it.
15Now there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the city. Yet no one remembered that same poor man.
16Then I said: “Wisdom is better than strength. Nevertheless the poor man’s wisdom is despised, And his words are not heard.
17Words of the wise, spoken quietly, should be heard Rather than the shout of a ruler of fools.
18Wisdom is better than weapons of war; But one sinner destroys much good.”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for Ecclesiastes 9.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Good and bad men fare alike as to this world. (1-3). All men must die, Their portion as to this life. (4-10). Disappointments common. (11,12) . Benefits of wisdom. (13-18).
vv1-3
We are not to think our searching into the word or works of God useless, because we cannot explain all difficulties. We may learn many things good for ourselves and useful to others. But man cannot always decide who are objects of God's special love, or under his wrath; and God will certainly put a difference between the precious and the vile, in the other world. The difference as to present happiness, arises from the inward supports and consolations the righteous enjoy, and the benefit they derive from varied trials and mercies. As far as the sons of men are left to themselves, their hearts are full of evil; and prosperity in sin, causes them even to set God at defiance by daring wickedness. Though, on this side death, the righteous and the wicked may often seem to fare alike, on the other side there will be a vast difference between them.
vv4-10
The most despicable living man's state, is preferable to that of the most noble who have died impenitent. Solomon exhorts the wise and pious to cheerful confidence in God, whatever their condition in life. The meanest morsel, coming from their Father's love, in answer to prayer, will have a peculiar relish. Not that we may set our hearts upon the delights of sense, but what God has given us we may use with wisdom. The joy here described, is the gladness of heart that springs from a sense of the Divine favour. This is the world of service, that to come is the world of recompence. All in their stations, may find some work to do. And above all, sinners have the salvation of their souls to seek after, believers have to prove their faith, adorn the gospel, glorify God, and serve their generation.
vv11-12
Men's success seldom equals their expectations. We must use means, but not trust to them: if we succeed, we must give God the praise; if crossed, we must submit to his will. Those who put off the great concerns of their souls, are caught in Satan's net, which he baits with some worldly object, for which they reject or neglect the gospel, and go on in sin till they suddenly fall into destruction.
Key Words
כֹּל: properly, the whole; hence, all, any or every (in the singular only, but often in a plural sense)
זֶה: the masculine demonstrative pronoun, this or that
נָתַן: to give, used with greatest latitude of application (put, make, etc.)
לֵב: the heart; also used (figuratively) very widely for the feelings, the will and even the intellect; likewise for the centre of anything
בּוּר: to bore, i.e. (figuratively) examine
צַדִּיק: just
חָכָם: wise, (i.e. intelligent, skilful or artful)
עֲבָד: a deed
יָד: a hand (the open one (indicating power, means, direction, etc.),
אֱלֹהִים: gods in the ordinary sense; but specifically used (in the plural thus, especially with the article) of the supreme God; occasionally applied by way of deference to magistrates; and sometimes as a superlative
Cross References
Ecclesiastes 9White garments signify spiritual joy, purity, and the spotless righteousness of the redeemed.
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The redeemed arrayed in white robes, symbolizing victory and acceptance in God's presence.
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Christ's exhortation to work while it is day parallel's Solomon's call to work before the grave.
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Confirms that battle success does not belong to human strength, but is in God's hand.
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Delayed execution of judgment makes the hearts of men fully set on madness and evil.
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The garment of praise and oil of joy, contrasting with mourning and a gloomy exterior.
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Warns the wise, mighty, and rich not to glory in human efforts, which are subject to providence.
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A historical parallel where a wise woman's counsel delivered a besieged city from destruction.
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Achan's individual sin brought ruin upon Israel, illustrating how one sinner destroyeth much good.
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Though outward events are currently identical, God will ultimately make a distinction between good and bad.
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Contrasts the earthly hope of a tree sprouting again with the absolute finality of human death.
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The godly exhortation to find joy and contentment with the wife of one's youth.
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Committing our works to God's hand, as our plans and events are entirely under His control.
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Remembering our mortality teaches us to work diligently and apply our hearts to wisdom now.
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