2 Samuel20
New King James Version
1And there happened to be there a rebel, whose name was Sheba the son of Bichri, a Benjamite. And he blew a trumpet, and said: “We have no share in David, Nor do we have inheritance in the son of Jesse; Every man to his tents, O Israel!”
2So every man of Israel deserted David, and followed Sheba the son of Bichri. But the men of Judah, from the Jordan as far as Jerusalem, remained loyal to their king.
3Now David came to his house at Jerusalem. And the king took the ten women, his concubines whom he had left to keep the house, and put them in seclusion and supported them, but did not go in to them. So they were shut up to the day of their death, living in widowhood.
4And the king said to Amasa, “Assemble the men of Judah for me within three days, and be present here yourself.”
5So Amasa went to assemble the men of Judah. But he delayed longer than the set time which David had appointed him.
6And David said to Abishai, “Now Sheba the son of Bichri will do us more harm than Absalom. Take your lord’s servants and pursue him, lest he find for himself fortified cities, and escape us.”
7So Joab’s men, with the Cherethites, the Pelethites, and all the mighty men, went out after him. And they went out of Jerusalem to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri.
8When they were at the large stone which is in Gibeon, Amasa came before them. Now Joab was dressed in battle armor; on it was a belt with a sword fastened in its sheath at his hips; and as he was going forward, it fell out.
9Then Joab said to Amasa, “Are you in health, my brother?” And Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.
10But Amasa did not notice the sword that was in Joab’s hand. And he struck him with it in the stomach, and his entrails poured out on the ground; and he did not strike him again. Thus he died. Then Joab and Abishai his brother pursued Sheba the son of Bichri.
11Meanwhile one of Joab’s men stood near Amasa, and said, “Whoever favors Joab and whoever is for David—follow Joab!”
12But Amasa wallowed in his blood in the middle of the highway. And when the man saw that all the people stood still, he moved Amasa from the highway to the field and threw a garment over him, when he saw that everyone who came upon him halted.
13When he was removed from the highway, all the people went on after Joab to pursue Sheba the son of Bichri.
14And he went through all the tribes of Israel to Abel and Beth Maachah and all the Berites. So they were gathered together and also went after Sheba.
15Then they came and besieged him in Abel of Beth Maachah; and they cast up a siege mound against the city, and it stood by the rampart. And all the people who were with Joab battered the wall to throw it down.
16Then a wise woman cried out from the city, “Hear, hear! Please say to Joab, ‘Come nearby, that I may speak with you.’ ”
17When he had come near to her, the woman said, “Are you Joab?” He answered, “I am.” Then she said to him, “Hear the words of your maidservant.” And he answered, “I am listening.”
18So she spoke, saying, “They used to talk in former times, saying, ‘They shall surely seek guidance at Abel,’ and so they would end disputes.
19I am among the peaceable and faithful in Israel. You seek to destroy a city and a mother in Israel. Why would you swallow up the inheritance of the Lord?”
20And Joab answered and said, “Far be it, far be it from me, that I should swallow up or destroy!
21That is not so. But a man from the mountains of Ephraim, Sheba the son of Bichri by name, has raised his hand against the king, against David. Deliver him only, and I will depart from the city.” So the woman said to Joab, “Watch, his head will be thrown to you over the wall.”
22Then the woman in her wisdom went to all the people. And they cut off the head of Sheba the son of Bichri, and threw it out to Joab. Then he blew a trumpet, and they withdrew from the city, every man to his tent. So Joab returned to the king at Jerusalem.
23And Joab was over all the army of Israel; Benaiah the son of Jehoiada was over the Cherethites and the Pelethites;
24Adoram was in charge of revenue; Jehoshaphat the son of Ahilud was recorder;
25Sheva was scribe; Zadok and Abiathar were the priests;
26and Ira the Jairite was a chief minister under David.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Sheba's rebellion. (1–3). Amasa slain by Joab. (4–13). Sheba takes refuge in Abel. (14–22). David's officers. (23–26).
vv1-3
One trial arises after another for our good, till we reach the place where sin and sorrow are for ever done away. Angry disputers misunderstand or misconstrue one another's words; proud men will have every thing their own way, or wholly refuse their assistance. The favour of the many is not to be depended upon; and what have others to expect, when Hosanna to the Son of David was soon changed to Crucify him, crucify him?
vv4-13
Joab barbarously murdered Amasa. The more plot there is in a sin, the worse it is. Joab contentedly sacrificed the interest both of the king and the kingdom to his personal revenge. But one would wonder with what face a murderer could pursue a traitor; and how, under such a load of guilt, he had courage to enter upon danger: his conscience was seared.
vv14-22
Justly is that place attacked, which dares to harbour a traitor; nor will the heart fare better which indulges rebellious lusts, that will not have Christ to reign over them. A discreet woman, by her prudent management, satisfied Joab, and yet saved the city. Wisdom is not confined to rank or sex; it consists not in deep knowledge; but in understanding how to act as matters arise, that troubles may be turned away and benefits secured. A great deal of mischief would be prevented, if contending parties would understand one another. Let both sides be undeceived. The single condition of peace is, the surrender of the traitor. It is so in God's dealing with the soul, when besieged by conviction and distress; sin is the traitor; the beloved lust is the rebel: part with that, cast away the transgression, and all shall be well. There is no peace on any other terms.
Key Words
קָרָא: to encounter, whether accidentally or in a hostile manner
שָׁם: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
בְּלִיַּעַל: without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
שֶׁבַע: Sheba, the name of a place in Palestine, and of two Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
בִּכְרִי: Bikri, an Israelite
בֶּן־יְמִינִי: a Benjaminite, or descendent of Benjamin
תָּקַע: to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become bondsman by handclasping)
Cross References
2 Samuel 20Verbatim echo of Sheba's secession formula: 'We have no part in David, neither inheritance in Jesse.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David's promise to make Amasa general, explaining why David orders him to assemble Judah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Joab's previous treacherous murder of Abner under the guise of a peaceful greeting.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
David charges Solomon to execute Joab for murdering Abner and Amasa in time of peace.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The execution of Joab for his treacherous assassinations of Abner and Amasa.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law of warfare requiring offering peace before besieging, which the wise woman cites.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The bitter contention between Israel and Judah that immediately provoked Sheba's rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The biblical definition of 'men of Belial' as lawless individuals who withdraw from authority.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Absalom's defilement of David's concubines, necessitating their lifelong confinement.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Wisdom warning against deceitful, flattering lips that mask deep, deadly malice.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Words smoother than butter while war is in the heart; fits Joab's friendly kiss.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Another instance of Joab employing or interacting with a wise woman from the region.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The list of David's officers before his troubles, showing the restoration of his cabinet.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel of striking a victim in the 'fifth rib' for a fatal blow.
Supported by Matthew Poole