2 Samuel20
New International Version
1Now a troublemaker named Sheba son of Bikri, a Benjamite, happened to be there. He sounded the trumpet and shouted, “We have no share in David, no part in Jesse’s son! Every man to his tent, Israel!”
2So all the men of Israel deserted David to follow Sheba son of Bikri. But the men of Judah stayed by their king all the way from the Jordan to Jerusalem.
3When David returned to his palace in Jerusalem, he took the ten concubines he had left to take care of the palace and put them in a house under guard. He provided for them but had no sexual relations with them. They were kept in confinement till the day of their death, living as widows.
4Then the king said to Amasa, “Summon the men of Judah to come to me within three days, and be here yourself.”
5But when Amasa went to summon Judah, he took longer than the time the king had set for him.
6David said to Abishai, “Now Sheba son of Bikri will do us more harm than Absalom did. Take your master’s men and pursue him, or he will find fortified cities and escape from us.”
7So Joab’s men and the Kerethites and Pelethites and all the mighty warriors went out under the command of Abishai. They marched out from Jerusalem to pursue Sheba son of Bikri.
8While they were at the great rock in Gibeon, Amasa came to meet them. Joab was wearing his military tunic, and strapped over it at his waist was a belt with a dagger in its sheath. As he stepped forward, it dropped out of its sheath.
9Joab said to Amasa, “How are you, my brother?” Then Joab took Amasa by the beard with his right hand to kiss him.
10Amasa was not on his guard against the dagger in Joab’s hand, and Joab plunged it into his belly, and his intestines spilled out on the ground. Without being stabbed again, Amasa died. Then Joab and his brother Abishai pursued Sheba son of Bikri.
11One of Joab’s men stood beside Amasa and said, “Whoever favors Joab, and whoever is for David, let him follow Joab!”
12Amasa lay wallowing in his blood in the middle of the road, and the man saw that all the troops came to a halt there. When he realized that everyone who came up to Amasa stopped, he dragged him from the road into a field and threw a garment over him.
13After Amasa had been removed from the road, everyone went on with Joab to pursue Sheba son of Bikri.
14Sheba passed through all the tribes of Israel to Abel Beth Maakah and through the entire region of the Bikrites, who gathered together and followed him.
15All the troops with Joab came and besieged Sheba in Abel Beth Maakah. They built a siege ramp up to the city, and it stood against the outer fortifications. While they were battering the wall to bring it down,
16a wise woman called from the city, “Listen! Listen! Tell Joab to come here so I can speak to him.”
17He went toward her, and she asked, “Are you Joab?” “I am,” he answered. She said, “Listen to what your servant has to say.” “I’m listening,” he said.
18She continued, “Long ago they used to say, ‘Get your answer at Abel,’ and that settled it.
19We are the peaceful and faithful in Israel. You are trying to destroy a city that is a mother in Israel. Why do you want to swallow up the Lord’s inheritance?”
20“Far be it from me!” Joab replied, “Far be it from me to swallow up or destroy!
21That is not the case. A man named Sheba son of Bikri, from the hill country of Ephraim, has lifted up his hand against the king, against David. Hand over this one man, and I’ll withdraw from the city.” The woman said to Joab, “His head will be thrown to you from the wall.”
22Then the woman went to all the people with her wise advice, and they cut off the head of Sheba son of Bikri and threw it to Joab. So he sounded the trumpet, and his men dispersed from the city, each returning to his home. And Joab went back to the king in Jerusalem.
23Joab was over Israel’s entire army; Benaiah son of Jehoiada was over the Kerethites and Pelethites;
24Adoniram was in charge of forced labor; Jehoshaphat son of Ahilud was recorder;
25Sheva was secretary; Zadok and Abiathar were priests;
26and Ira the Jairite was David’s priest.
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 20.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: Sheba's rebellion. (1–3). Amasa slain by Joab. (4–13). Sheba takes refuge in Abel. (14–22). David's officers. (23–26).
vv1-3
One trial arises after another for our good, till we reach the place where sin and sorrow are for ever done away. Angry disputers misunderstand or misconstrue one another's words; proud men will have every thing their own way, or wholly refuse their assistance. The favour of the many is not to be depended upon; and what have others to expect, when Hosanna to the Son of David was soon changed to Crucify him, crucify him?
vv4-13
Joab barbarously murdered Amasa. The more plot there is in a sin, the worse it is. Joab contentedly sacrificed the interest both of the king and the kingdom to his personal revenge. But one would wonder with what face a murderer could pursue a traitor; and how, under such a load of guilt, he had courage to enter upon danger: his conscience was seared.
vv14-22
Justly is that place attacked, which dares to harbour a traitor; nor will the heart fare better which indulges rebellious lusts, that will not have Christ to reign over them. A discreet woman, by her prudent management, satisfied Joab, and yet saved the city. Wisdom is not confined to rank or sex; it consists not in deep knowledge; but in understanding how to act as matters arise, that troubles may be turned away and benefits secured. A great deal of mischief would be prevented, if contending parties would understand one another. Let both sides be undeceived. The single condition of peace is, the surrender of the traitor. It is so in God's dealing with the soul, when besieged by conviction and distress; sin is the traitor; the beloved lust is the rebel: part with that, cast away the transgression, and all shall be well. There is no peace on any other terms.
Key Words
קָרָא: to encounter, whether accidentally or in a hostile manner
שָׁם: there (transferring to time) then; often thither, or thence
בְּלִיַּעַל: without profit, worthlessness; by extension, destruction, wickedness
אִישׁ: a man as an individual or a male person; often used as an adjunct to a more definite term (and in such cases frequently not expressed in translation)
שֵׁם: an appellation, as amark or memorial of individuality; by implication honor, authority, character
שֶׁבַע: Sheba, the name of a place in Palestine, and of two Israelites
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
בִּכְרִי: Bikri, an Israelite
בֶּן־יְמִינִי: a Benjaminite, or descendent of Benjamin
תָּקַע: to clatter, i.e. slap (the hands together), clang (an instrument); by analogy, to drive (a nail or tent-pin, a dart, etc.); by implication, to become bondsman by handclasping)
Cross References
2 Samuel 20Verbatim echo of Sheba's secession formula: 'We have no part in David, neither inheritance in Jesse.'
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
David's promise to make Amasa general, explaining why David orders him to assemble Judah.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Joab's previous treacherous murder of Abner under the guise of a peaceful greeting.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
David charges Solomon to execute Joab for murdering Abner and Amasa in time of peace.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The execution of Joab for his treacherous assassinations of Abner and Amasa.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The law of warfare requiring offering peace before besieging, which the wise woman cites.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The bitter contention between Israel and Judah that immediately provoked Sheba's rebellion.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The biblical definition of 'men of Belial' as lawless individuals who withdraw from authority.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Absalom's defilement of David's concubines, necessitating their lifelong confinement.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Wisdom warning against deceitful, flattering lips that mask deep, deadly malice.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Words smoother than butter while war is in the heart; fits Joab's friendly kiss.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Another instance of Joab employing or interacting with a wise woman from the region.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The list of David's officers before his troubles, showing the restoration of his cabinet.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Verbal parallel of striking a victim in the 'fifth rib' for a fatal blow.
Supported by Matthew Poole