2 Samuel3
New International Version
1The war between the house of Saul and the house of David lasted a long time. David grew stronger and stronger, while the house of Saul grew weaker and weaker.
2Sons were born to David in Hebron: His firstborn was Amnon the son of Ahinoam of Jezreel;
3his second, Kileab the son of Abigail the widow of Nabal of Carmel; the third, Absalom the son of Maakah daughter of Talmai king of Geshur;
4the fourth, Adonijah the son of Haggith; the fifth, Shephatiah the son of Abital;
5and the sixth, Ithream the son of David’s wife Eglah. These were born to David in Hebron.
6During the war between the house of Saul and the house of David, Abner had been strengthening his own position in the house of Saul.
7Now Saul had had a concubine named Rizpah daughter of Aiah. And Ish-Bosheth said to Abner, “Why did you sleep with my father’s concubine?”
8Abner was very angry because of what Ish-Bosheth said. So he answered, “Am I a dog’s head—on Judah’s side? This very day I am loyal to the house of your father Saul and to his family and friends. I haven’t handed you over to David. Yet now you accuse me of an offense involving this woman!
9May God deal with Abner, be it ever so severely, if I do not do for David what the Lord promised him on oath
10and transfer the kingdom from the house of Saul and establish David’s throne over Israel and Judah from Dan to Beersheba.”
11Ish-Bosheth did not dare to say another word to Abner, because he was afraid of him.
12Then Abner sent messengers on his behalf to say to David, “Whose land is it? Make an agreement with me, and I will help you bring all Israel over to you.”
13“Good,” said David. “I will make an agreement with you. But I demand one thing of you: Do not come into my presence unless you bring Michal daughter of Saul when you come to see me.”
14Then David sent messengers to Ish-Bosheth son of Saul, demanding, “Give me my wife Michal, whom I betrothed to myself for the price of a hundred Philistine foreskins.”
15So Ish-Bosheth gave orders and had her taken away from her husband Paltiel son of Laish.
16Her husband, however, went with her, weeping behind her all the way to Bahurim. Then Abner said to him, “Go back home!” So he went back.
17Abner conferred with the elders of Israel and said, “For some time you have wanted to make David your king.
18Now do it! For the Lord promised David, ‘By my servant David I will rescue my people Israel from the hand of the Philistines and from the hand of all their enemies.’”
19Abner also spoke to the Benjamites in person. Then he went to Hebron to tell David everything that Israel and the whole tribe of Benjamin wanted to do.
20When Abner, who had twenty men with him, came to David at Hebron, David prepared a feast for him and his men.
21Then Abner said to David, “Let me go at once and assemble all Israel for my lord the king, so that they may make a covenant with you, and that you may rule over all that your heart desires.” So David sent Abner away, and he went in peace.
22Just then David’s men and Joab returned from a raid and brought with them a great deal of plunder. But Abner was no longer with David in Hebron, because David had sent him away, and he had gone in peace.
23When Joab and all the soldiers with him arrived, he was told that Abner son of Ner had come to the king and that the king had sent him away and that he had gone in peace.
24So Joab went to the king and said, “What have you done? Look, Abner came to you. Why did you let him go? Now he is gone!
25You know Abner son of Ner; he came to deceive you and observe your movements and find out everything you are doing.”
26Joab then left David and sent messengers after Abner, and they brought him back from the cistern at Sirah. But David did not know it.
27Now when Abner returned to Hebron, Joab took him aside into an inner chamber, as if to speak with him privately. And there, to avenge the blood of his brother Asahel, Joab stabbed him in the stomach, and he died.
28Later, when David heard about this, he said, “I and my kingdom are forever innocent before the Lord concerning the blood of Abner son of Ner.
29May his blood fall on the head of Joab and on his whole family! May Joab’s family never be without someone who has a running sore or leprosy or who leans on a crutch or who falls by the sword or who lacks food.”
30(Joab and his brother Abishai murdered Abner because he had killed their brother Asahel in the battle at Gibeon.)
31Then David said to Joab and all the people with him, “Tear your clothes and put on sackcloth and walk in mourning in front of Abner.” King David himself walked behind the bier.
32They buried Abner in Hebron, and the king wept aloud at Abner’s tomb. All the people wept also.
33The king sang this lament for Abner: “Should Abner have died as the lawless die?
34Your hands were not bound, your feet were not fettered. You fell as one falls before the wicked.” And all the people wept over him again.
35Then they all came and urged David to eat something while it was still day; but David took an oath, saying, “May God deal with me, be it ever so severely, if I taste bread or anything else before the sun sets!”
36All the people took note and were pleased; indeed, everything the king did pleased them.
37So on that day all the people there and all Israel knew that the king had no part in the murder of Abner son of Ner.
38Then the king said to his men, “Do you not realize that a commander and a great man has fallen in Israel this day?
39And today, though I am the anointed king, I am weak, and these sons of Zeruiah are too strong for me. May the Lord repay the evildoer according to his evil deeds!”
Study Guide
Public-domain commentary and original-language notes for 2 Samuel 3.
Chapter Summary
In this chapter: David's power increases His family. (1–6). Abner revolts to David. (7–21). Joab kills Abner David mourns for him. (22–39).
vv1-6
The length of this war tried the faith and patience of David, and made his settlement at last the more welcome. The contest between grace and corruption in the hearts of believers, may fitly be compared to this warfare. There is a long war between them, the flesh lusting against the spirit, and the spirit against the flesh; but as the work of holiness is carried on, corruption, like the house of Saul, grows weaker and weaker; while grace, like the house of David, grows stronger and stronger.
vv7-21
Many, like Abner, are not above committing base crimes, who are too proud to bear reproof, or even the suspicion of being guilty. While men go on in sin, and apparently without concern, they are often conscious that they are fighting against God. Many mean to serve their own purposes; and will betray those who trust them, when they can get any advantage. Yet the Lord serves his own designs, even by those who are thus actuated by revenge, ambition, or lust; but as they intend not to honour him, in the end they will be thrown aside with contempt. There was real generosity both to Michal and to the memory of Saul, in David's receiving the former, remembering probably how once he owed his life to her affection, and knowing that she was separated from him partly by her father's authority. Let no man set his heart on that which he is not entitled to. If any disagreement has separated husband and wife, as they expect the blessing of God, let them be reconciled, and live together in love.
vv22-39
Judgments are prepared for such scorners as Abner; but Joab, in what he did, acted wickedly. David laid Abner's murder deeply to heart, and in many ways expressed his detestation of it. The guilt of blood brings a curse upon families: if men do not avenge it, God will. It is a sad thing to die like a fool, as they do that any way shorten their own days, and those who make no provision for another world. Who would be fond of power, when a man may have the name of it, and must be accountable for it, yet is hampered in the use of it? David ought to have done his duty, and then trusted God with the issue. Carnal policy spared Joab. The Son of David may long delay, but never fails to punish impenitent sinners. He who now reigns upon the throne of David, has a kingdom of a nobler kind. Whatever He doeth, is noticed by all his willing people, and is pleasing to them.
Key Words
אָרֹךְ: long
מִלְחָמָה: a battle (i.e. the engagement); generally, war (i.e. warfare)
בַּיִת: a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
שָׁאוּל: Shaul, the name of an Edomite and two Israelites
דָּוִד: David, the youngest son of Jesse
הָלַךְ: to walk (in a great variety of applications, literally and figuratively)
חָזֵק: powerful
דַּל: properly, dangling, i.e. (by implication) weak or thin
בֵּן: a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or condition, etc., (like father or brother), etc.)
יָלַד: to bear young; causatively, to beget; medically, to act as midwife; specifically, to show lineage
Cross References
2 Samuel 3Direct parallel list of David's sons born in Hebron, confirming names and maternal origins.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Verbatim reference to the bride price of one hundred Philistine foreskins for Michal.
Supported by Matthew Henry, JFB
Joab kills Amasa in the same treacherous manner (striking under the fifth rib).
Supported by Matthew Poole
Solomon references Joab's guilt in murdering Abner, executing judgment to clear David's line.
Supported by Matthew Henry, Matthew Poole
Tragic consequences concerning David's firstborn Amnon and his third son Absalom.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Adonijah, David's fourth son born in Hebron, later attempts to usurp the throne.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Taking a king's concubine acts as a virtual claim to the throne in eastern custom.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Records Saul giving Michal, David's wife, to Phaltiel (Phalti) the son of Laish.
Supported by Matthew Poole
The background event where Abner reluctantly killed Joab's brother Asahel in battle.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
The spiritual warfare of flesh versus spirit parallels the weakening house of Saul.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Absalom flees to Geshur to his maternal grandfather Talmai after murdering Amnon.
Supported by Matthew Poole
David uses the same 'dog' idiom to express utter insignificance and self-abasement.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Samuel's prophecy of transferring Saul's kingdom to David, which Abner acknowledges here.
Supported by Matthew Poole, JFB
Contrasts Ish-bosheth's inability to answer Abner with David's weakness before Joab.
Supported by Matthew Henry
Bahurim, where Phaltiel was turned back, is also where Shimei cursed David.
Supported by Matthew Poole
Identifies Abner as the son of Ner, Saul's uncle and captain of the host.
Supported by Matthew Poole